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HS Exam 3 > Liver, Gallbladder, Pancreas > Flashcards

Liver, Gallbladder, Pancreas Flashcards

1
Q

classic liver lobule

A

functional unit based around central vein- hexagon

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2
Q

portal liver accinus

A

diamond shaped with central veins on love axis and portal ascends on short axis
functional unit based on blood flow

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3
Q

portal lobule

A

triangle with central veins in corners

functional unit based on bile flow

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4
Q

spaces between hepatocyte plates

A

sinusoids

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5
Q

portal space contains

A

CT
lymphatics
nerves
portal triad

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6
Q

portal triad contains

A

interlobular portal vein
hepatic artery
bile duct

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7
Q

bile duct lining

A

cuboidal cells

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8
Q

kupffer cells

A

phagocytic cells located between the gaps between endothelial cells in liver sinusoids

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9
Q

kupffer cell function

A

produce bilirubin (RBC breakdown)

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10
Q

perisinusoidal space of Disse

A

between sinusoids and hepatocytes

location of stellate cells

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11
Q

stellate cell function

A

fat storage
vitamin A storage
contractile
make reticular fibers

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12
Q

flow of hepatic blood

A 
enters via portal vein and hepatic artery
interlobular (both)
portal triad vessels (both)
sinusoids (site of mixing)
central vein
sublobular vein
hepatic vein
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13
Q

most metabolically active zone of hepatic acinus

A

zone 1

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14
Q

first zone of hepatic acinus to be affected by hypoxia or ischemia

A

zone 3

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15
Q

bile flow

A 
canaliculi
ductules
interlobular bile ducts
larger ducts
hepatic ducts
common bile duct
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16
Q

lining of interlobular bile ducts

A

cuboidal epithelium

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17
Q

lining of larger ducts

A

switch to columnar

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18
Q

lining of hepatic ducts

A

switches from columnar to stratified columnar

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19
Q

liver CT framework

A

reticular fibers around hepatocytes and sinusoids
dense/loose CT around vessels and ducts
surround bye thin CT capsule

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20
Q

hepatocyte function

A 
synthesis of plasma proteins
metabolite storage and release
detoxification and inactivation of toxins
iron storage
blood formation (fetus)
vitamins
endocrine
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21
Q

where are plasma proteins made

A

SER and RER of hepatocytes

22
Q

detox loaction

A

SER- oxidation and conjugation
perioxisome- oxidation and catabolism
lysosome- waste digestion and iron storage

23
Q

vitamins dealt with in liver

A

A, D, K

24
Q

endocrine function of liver

A

converts T4 to T3
GH releasing factors
degrades insulina nd glucagon

25
Q

genitic storage disease

A

inborn errors of metabolism resulting in accumulation of metabolites in hepatocytes
lipids are most common

26
Q

hepatitis

A

inflammation of liver, acute of chronic

27
Q

causes of hepatitis

A

toxins, drugs, viral

degeneration of hepatocytes

28
Q

councilman bodies

A

spotty necrosis with aggregates of inflammatory cells around necrotic hepatocytes

29
Q

cirrhosis of liver

A

collagen fibers replace reticular fibers
end stage of several liver diseases
blood flow compromised and bile flow blocked–> portal tension–> jaundice

30
Q

most common liver cancer

A

hepatocellular carcinoma

31
Q

lining of gallbladder

A

simple columnar epithelium with microvilli- absorptive

32
Q

stimulates of gallbladder contraction

A

ANS
CCK
gastrin

33
Q

calculi

A

gallstones

solid chunks of bile that attract salt and calcium deposits

34
Q

obstructive jaundice

A

blockage in common bile duct resulting in bile backup and spillage into blood

35
Q

cholecystitis

A

gallbladder inflammation caused by blockage of cystic duct resulting in gallbladder hypertrophy and increased luminal pressure

36
Q

Rokitansky-Aschoff sinuses

A

sinuses formed in gallbladder by increased pressure pushing mucosa into muscularis

37
Q

exocrine function of pancreas

A

release of digestive enzymes

38
Q

duct progression of exocrine pancreas

A

intercalated ducts
intralobar ducts
interlobular ducts
main accessory and pancreatic ducts

39
Q

lining of intercalated ducts

A

low cuboidal epithelium

40
Q

lining of intralobar ducts

A

simple cuboidal or columnar

41
Q

lining of interlobular ducts

A

stratified columnar

42
Q

regulation of exocrine pancreas

A

secretin- bicarbonate release

CCK- enzyme secretion

43
Q

pancreatitis

A

chronic or acute inflammation of pancreatis

44
Q

endocrine pancreas function

A

glucose control

45
Q

alpha cells of pancreas

A

glucagon

46
Q

beta cells

A

insulin

47
Q

delta cells

A

somatostatin and gastrin

48
Q

F cells

A

inhibitor of somatostatin

49
Q

glut 2

A

insulin independent glucose transporter

50
Q

glut 4

A

insulin dependent glucose transporter

HS Exam 3 (20 decks)

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