Liver, Gallbladder, Pancreas Flashcards
classic liver lobule
functional unit based around central vein- hexagon
portal liver accinus
diamond shaped with central veins on love axis and portal ascends on short axis
functional unit based on blood flow
portal lobule
triangle with central veins in corners
functional unit based on bile flow
spaces between hepatocyte plates
sinusoids
portal space contains
CT
lymphatics
nerves
portal triad
portal triad contains
interlobular portal vein
hepatic artery
bile duct
bile duct lining
cuboidal cells
kupffer cells
phagocytic cells located between the gaps between endothelial cells in liver sinusoids
kupffer cell function
produce bilirubin (RBC breakdown)
perisinusoidal space of Disse
between sinusoids and hepatocytes
location of stellate cells
stellate cell function
fat storage
vitamin A storage
contractile
make reticular fibers
flow of hepatic blood
enters via portal vein and hepatic artery interlobular (both) portal triad vessels (both) sinusoids (site of mixing) central vein sublobular vein hepatic vein
most metabolically active zone of hepatic acinus
zone 1
first zone of hepatic acinus to be affected by hypoxia or ischemia
zone 3
bile flow
canaliculi ductules interlobular bile ducts larger ducts hepatic ducts common bile duct
lining of interlobular bile ducts
cuboidal epithelium
lining of larger ducts
switch to columnar
lining of hepatic ducts
switches from columnar to stratified columnar
liver CT framework
reticular fibers around hepatocytes and sinusoids
dense/loose CT around vessels and ducts
surround bye thin CT capsule
hepatocyte function
synthesis of plasma proteins metabolite storage and release detoxification and inactivation of toxins iron storage blood formation (fetus) vitamins endocrine
where are plasma proteins made
SER and RER of hepatocytes
detox loaction
SER- oxidation and conjugation
perioxisome- oxidation and catabolism
lysosome- waste digestion and iron storage
vitamins dealt with in liver
A, D, K
endocrine function of liver
converts T4 to T3
GH releasing factors
degrades insulina nd glucagon
genitic storage disease
inborn errors of metabolism resulting in accumulation of metabolites in hepatocytes
lipids are most common
hepatitis
inflammation of liver, acute of chronic
causes of hepatitis
toxins, drugs, viral
degeneration of hepatocytes
councilman bodies
spotty necrosis with aggregates of inflammatory cells around necrotic hepatocytes
cirrhosis of liver
collagen fibers replace reticular fibers
end stage of several liver diseases
blood flow compromised and bile flow blocked–> portal tension–> jaundice
most common liver cancer
hepatocellular carcinoma
lining of gallbladder
simple columnar epithelium with microvilli- absorptive
stimulates of gallbladder contraction
ANS
CCK
gastrin
calculi
gallstones
solid chunks of bile that attract salt and calcium deposits
obstructive jaundice
blockage in common bile duct resulting in bile backup and spillage into blood
cholecystitis
gallbladder inflammation caused by blockage of cystic duct resulting in gallbladder hypertrophy and increased luminal pressure
Rokitansky-Aschoff sinuses
sinuses formed in gallbladder by increased pressure pushing mucosa into muscularis
exocrine function of pancreas
release of digestive enzymes
duct progression of exocrine pancreas
intercalated ducts
intralobar ducts
interlobular ducts
main accessory and pancreatic ducts
lining of intercalated ducts
low cuboidal epithelium
lining of intralobar ducts
simple cuboidal or columnar
lining of interlobular ducts
stratified columnar
regulation of exocrine pancreas
secretin- bicarbonate release
CCK- enzyme secretion
pancreatitis
chronic or acute inflammation of pancreatis
endocrine pancreas function
glucose control
alpha cells of pancreas
glucagon
beta cells
insulin
delta cells
somatostatin and gastrin
F cells
inhibitor of somatostatin
glut 2
insulin independent glucose transporter
glut 4
insulin dependent glucose transporter
