Stomach Flashcards
Gardener
What is Troisier’s Sign
Enlargement of left supraclavicular Lymph node due to secondary involvement seen in malignancies of GIT, Breast and Testis
Another name for Troisier;s Sign is Virchow’s Node. True or False?
True
Location of Virchow’s Node
Left Supraclavicular palpable lymph node
Behind the medial end of the left clavicle
Location of the stomach
Situated in the upper part of the abdomen extending from left hypochondriac region into the epigastric and umbilical regions
Name the 2 openings of the stomach
Cardiac and Pyloric orifices
Liquid content capacity of the stomach
Mean capacity at birth - +/- 30ml
Puberty 1000ml
Adult 1500ml
What does the Fundus usually contain
Gas
Where does the body of the stomach extend from
Level of Cardiac orifice to the Incisura Angularis (Angular Notch)
Name the most tubular portion of the stomach and its function
Pylorus-
It’s thick circular muscle layer forms the pyloric sphincter; governs the passage of food out of the stomach and into the intestines
Anatomical location of the Cardiac Orifice
2.5cm to the left of the median plane
At the level of the 11th thoracic vertebrae
Behind the the 7th costal cartilage
4cm from upper incisors
Anatomical location of the Pyloric Orifice
1.5cm to the right of the median plane
Near the lower border of the 1st lumbar verterbra
At the Transpyloric plane of Addison
Can be identified in surgery by the pre-pyloric vein of Mayo
Name the 2 parts of the lesser omentum and the vessels that run in between its 2 layers
Hepatogastric and Hepatoduodenal
Gastric vessels
Where does the gastroepiplic vessels course through
Greater Omentum
Where is the highest point of the fundus
5th intercostal space
Just below the nipple of the non-pendulous breast
Name the 3 layers that the muscle wall comprises of :
Outer-most longitudinal
Middle-circular
Inner-oblique
The lesser curvature is a deep groove known as the MAGEN STRASSE (main highway). True or False?
True
Where is the Arterovenous Shunt located and state its purpose
AV shunt of Haller is located in the submucosa.
When the stomach is not distended and blood supply to the mucosa is limited, a significant portion of oxygenated blood is shunted through this anastomosis
List the anterior relations of the stomach
Anterior Abdominal Wall
Left costal margin
Left pleura and left lung
Left pleura and left lung
Diaphragm
Left lobe of Liver
List the posterior relations of the stomach
Lesser sac (Bursa omentalis)
Anterior surface of the pancreas
Transverse colon
Transverse mesocolon
Spleen
Left suprarenal gland
Upper part of the left kidney
Splenic artery
Diaphragm
The Coeliac axis which is a branch of the abdominal aorta gives off 3 branches; name them:
Splenic Artery
Common Hepatic Artery
Left Gastric Artery
Which artery supplies the upper part of the lesser curvature, supplies the region of the cardiac and anastomoses with the R gastric
Left gastric artery
Which artery supplies blood to the lower third of the oesophagus
Left gastric artery
Arterial supply to the fundus is
Short gastrics which is a branch of the splenic artery
Which veins drain directly into the hepatic portal vein along the lesser curvature
Left and right gastric veins
Which veins drain into the splenic vein along the greater curvature
Short gastrics and the Left gastroploic vein
What vein does the right gastroepiploic drain into
Superior mesenteric vein
Which 2 veins will join posterior to the neck of the pancreas to form the Hepatic Portal Vein
Splenic Vein + Superior Mesenteric Vein
Which ligament is considered the free edge of the lesser omentum
Hepatoduodenal
Define Haematemisis and its cause
It is the vomiting of blood rupture of varicose oesophageal veins
Parasympathetic innervation of the stomach
Coming from Vagus nerve; The right ad left vagi pass through the diaphragm continuing as Posterior and Anterior gastric nerves of Latarjet
What degree does the stomach rotate during development
90 degrees
Pylorus parasympathetic innervation
Pylorus branch coming from the hepatic branch anterior (left CN X ) gastric nerve
What is the effect of increased sympathetic activity in the stomach
Inhibiting motility and secretion; important in vasomotor control
What is the effect of increased parasympathetic activity in the stomach
increased motility- emptying mechanism
Fundus lies above the level of the oesophageal opening. T/F
T – the fundus lies above the oesophageal opening.
Body extends inferiorly to the angular notch. T/F
T – the body extends from the fundus to the angular notch, the lowest point of the lesser curvature.
Right border is known as its greater curvature T/F
F – the greater curvature is the left border extending from the left of the oesophagus around the fundus and body to the pylorus.
Cardiac orifice is closely related to the aorta T/F
F – the cardiac orifice and the oesophagus lie between the diaphragm and the liver and are separated from the aorta by fibres from the right crus of the diaphragm
Is supplied by arteries arising from the splenic artery. T/F
T- the short gastric vessels, supplying the fundus and the left gastroepiploic, supplying most of the greater curvature, arise from the splenic
Is supplied by arteries which arise from branches of the coeliac trunk. T/F
T – the left and right gastric, left and right gastroepiploic and the short gastric arteries each arise from branches of the coeliac trunk or the trunk itself.
Has a venous drainage passing equally to the portal and systemic venous systems. T/F
F – all blood from the stomach normally passes to the portal vein. There are anastamoses with oesophageal veins however.
Is lined by columnar and squamous epithelium. T/F
F – it is lined completely by columnar epithelium and contains three different types of glands: cardiac, gastric and pyloric.
