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Digestive > Histo of colon, appendix, rectum, anal canal > Flashcards

Histo of colon, appendix, rectum, anal canal Flashcards

JP

1
Q

Function of the Large Intestines

A

Absorb water from the remaining indigestible food matter and then past useless waste material from the body.

Hence why when the stool stays it the colon too long you are constipated cause the colon keeps absorbing the water so it eventually becomes hard

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2
Q

Length of the large intestines

A

4.9ft (1.5m)
1/5 of the whole length of the intestine

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3
Q

What are the large intestines comprised of

A

caecum
colon
rectum
anal canal

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4
Q

What is the epithelium of the large intestines?

A

Simple Columnar epithelium

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5
Q

Where are intestinal glands located

A

Extends through lamina propria to muscularis mucosae

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6
Q

In which intestine are globlet cells more abundant

A

Large intestines and produce mucus for lubricating the lumen

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7
Q

What is present in the lamina propria and submucosa

A

Lymphatic cells and lymphatic nodules

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8
Q

How does the large intestines differ from the small intestines in physical form?

A

Large intestine is wider
Outer longitudinal layer of the muscularis has been reduced to 3 strap-like bands known as the Taeniae Coli

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9
Q

How long does the large intestines take to finish the digestion of food

A

16hrs

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9
Q

What type of vitamins does the colon aborb

A

vitamin K. thiamine and riboflavin

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10
Q

What 2 ions does the large intestine secrete

A

K+ and Cl-

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11
Q

Where is the appendix attached

A

Inferior surface of the caecum

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12
Q

The appendix is apart of the mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT); True or False

A

True- plays an important role in immunity

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13
Q

What is Appendicitis?

A

Inflamed appendix due to a blockage that traps infectious materials in the lumen

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14
Q

The appendix can be removed with no apparent damage or consequence to the patient; True or False

A

True

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15
Q

There are no plicae circularis and villi in the rectum; True or False

A

True

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15
Q

How long is the rectum

A

12cm

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16
Q

Epithelium of the rectum is

A

Simple Columnar Epithelium; straight intestinal glands with goblet cells

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17
Q

Which part of the mucosa is squeezed between the intestinal glands

A

Lamina propria

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18
Q

Where is the anal canal located

A

At the terminal part of the large intestines
2-3cm in front and a little below the tip of the coccyx
Downwards ad backwards

19
Q

Where does the anal canal open

A

Anal Orifice

20
Q

Location of the Anal Orifice

A

4cm below and in front of tip of the coccyx

21
Q

How long is the anal canal

A

2.5 - 4cm long

22
Q

What separates the the upper 2/3 from the lower 1/3 of the anal canal

A

Pectinate aka Dentate Line

23
Q

Which embryologically related area is above and below the pectinate line

A

Above; Endoderm
Below: Ectoderm

24
Q

What does the mucosa and submucosa form ABOVE the pectinate line

A

Both layers form longitudinal folds called Columns of Morgagni

25
Q

What joins the Columns of Morgagni together

A

Anal valves

26
Q

Where are the anal sinuses located

A

Located in the submucosa above the valves

27
Q

The pectinate lie is the level of the anal valves; True or False

A

True

28
Q

What surrounds the anal canal

A

Inner involuntary smooth sphincters (continuation of circular layer of smooth muscle

Outer voluntary (Striated) sphincters

29
Q

The anal canal is divided into 3 parts; name them:

A

-Zona Columnaris (Upper part, above pectinate line)
-Anal transitional zone (pectinate line)
Lower part, below pectinate line

30
Q

What are the contents of the Zona Columnaris and which artery supplies it

A

Simple columnar epithelium with crypts continuous with rectal mucosa
Supplied by Superior rectal Artery (branch of inferior mesenteric artery)

31
Q

Contents of the Anal Transitional Zone

A

Stratified Squamous non keratinized epithelium
This region is susceptible to various carcinomas

32
Q

Blood supply of the Lower part

A

Supplied by Inferior rectal artery ( Branch of internal pudendal artery)

33
Q

Name the 2 zones that the lower part of the anal canal is divided into

A

Intermediate zone (Between pectineal line and Hiltons line)-
Stratified squamous on keratinized epithelium without hair follicles, sebaceous glands

Between Hilton’s line and verge of anus- Stratified squamous Keratinized epithelium WITH sebaceous glands, hair follicles, sweat glands

34
Q

How long is the upper muscular part of the anal canal

A

15mm

35
Q

What embryological layer does the upper part of the anal canal originate from

A

Endodermal origin

36
Q

What type of mucous membrane lines the upper part of the anal canal

A

Lined by semitransparent mucous membrane
-simple columnar

37
Q

Injury to the upper muscular part of the anal canal is called

A

Anal fissure

38
Q

Which area of the anal canal does 85% of diseases begin

A

Pectinate line

39
Q

Colour contrast from upper part to intermediate area

A

Bluish pink mucosa above and black skin below

40
Q

How long is the Anal verge

A

8mm

41
Q

What kind of origin does the anal verge have

A

Ectodermal origin

42
Q

What are the 3 parts of the External Anal Sphincters

A

Subcutaneous
Superficial
Deep

43
Q

Name the 5 rectal arteries

A

Superior rectal artery
Internal iliac artery
Middle rectal artery
Internal Pudendal Artery
Inferior rectal artery

44
Q

What is the venous drainage

A

Porto-Caval Anastomoses
Veins run with the arteries

Also have Internal and External rectal plexus

45
Q

Lymphatic drainage above and below pectinate line

A

Above- Internal iliac lymph nodes

Below- Superior inguinal lymph nodes

46
Q

Innervation above and below pectinate line

A

Above- Inferior Epigastric (autonomic fibres (visceral))

Below- inferior rectal (pudendal nerves)

Digestive (16 decks)

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