Oral Cavity Flashcards
Name the 2 parts of the gum
Marginal or Free gingiva and attached gingiva
Which nerve supplies the upper gum?
Superior alveolar nerve (labial aspect)
Which aspect of the gum does the nasopalatine and lingual nerves supply?
Lingual aspect
Which nerves supply the lower gum?
Mandibular and mental nerves
State the 3 parts of the teeth
Crown, Neck and Root
Describe the structure of a tooth
Pulp- centre
Dentine_ surrounds pulp
Enamel- surrounds denting
Cementum- calcified connective tissue covering surface if the root and provides medium for periodontal ligament fibres
Periodontal membrane- fleshy tissue between tooth and tooth socket
State the types of teeth and there functions
Incisors- cutting teeth
Canines- holding and tearing teeth
Premolars- bicuspid tooth
Molars- grinding teeth
Timeliness for the eruption of permanent teeth
First Molar- 6 years
Medial Incisors- 7 years
Lateral Incisors- 8 years
First premolar- 9 years
Second premolar- 10 years
Canines- 11 years
Second molar- 12 years
Third molar- 17-25 years (wisdom)
Which nerves supply the upper teeth?
Post, Middle and Anterior Superior Alveolar Nerve
Which nerve supplies the lower teeth
Incisive nerve which is a branch of the inferior alveolar nerve
State the boundaries of the Oral Cavity Proper
Anterolaterally- Teeth and gums
Roof - Hard and soft palate
Floor- Tongue
Anteroinferiorly - Sublingual region
Posteriorly- Oropharyngeal isthmus
Lymphatic Drainage
Name the 2 parts of the palate
Hard and soft palate
What does the hard palate partition
Nasal and oral cavity
Name the 2 divisions of the oral cavity and their divisions
Vestibule- Lips , cheek, teeth
Oral Cavity Proper- Tongue, Hard palate, Soft palate
Name the boundaries of the vestibule
Anteriorly- Lips
Posteriorly- Teeth
Laterally- cheeks
Which duct and glands ae found in the lateral border of the vestibule
Parotid gland aka Stenson Duct
Labial gland
Buccal gland
The teeth is lined by mucous membrane; True or False?
True (except the teeth)
What is the obicularis oris
Orbicularis oris is a complex circular muscle that surrounds the orifice of the mouth and forms the majority of the lips. It belongs to a large group of muscles of facial expression called the buccolabial group.
Action
Closes mouth, compresses and protrudes lips
Epithelium of the skin
Keratinized stratified squamous epithelium
Epithelium on the interior aspect of the lip
Non-keratinized stratified squamous epithelium
The superior vermillion border is the same as the transitional zone; True or False
True
The superior alveolar nerve is a branch of which nerve?
Maxillary nerve
The inferior alveolar nerve comes from which nerve
Mandibular nerve
Which nerve does the mental nerve arise from
Inferior alveolar nerve
Posterior superior alveolar nerve supplies what?
Upper teeth
In each quadrant of the teeth you have?
3 molars
2 premolars
1 canine
2 incisors ( central and lateral)
What does hard palate separate?
It is the partition between the nasal and oral cavity
Margins of the hard palate
Anterolateral margin- gum
Posterior margin- soft palate
Superior surface- Floor of nasal cavity
Inferior surface- Roof of oral cavity
What is the blood supply, vein and nerve of the hard palate
Blood supply- Greater palatine branch of maxillary artery
Veins– Pterygoid plexus of veins
Nerves- Pterygoid ganglion
Soft palate separates what
Separates nasopharynx from oropharynx
List the 5 muscles of the soft palate
Tensor veli palatini
Levator veli palatini
musculus uvulae
Palatoglossus
Palatopharyngeus
Name the origin, insertion and actions of the Tensor veli palatini
Origin- Auditory tube, base of skull
Insertion- posterior part of hard palate
Action- tightens the soft palate
opens the auditory tube, equalizes the pressure between middle ear and nasopharynx
Name the origin, insertion and actions of the Levator veli palatini
Origin- Inferior aspect of auditory tube, Inferior aspect of petrous temporal bone
Insertion- Palatine aponeurosis
Action- Elevates soft palate, Open the auditory tube
Name the origin, insertion and actions of the Palatopharyngeus
Palatopharyngeus muscle is separated in an anterior and posterior fasiculus
Origin: Anterior Fasiculus- Posterior part of hard palate
Posterior Fasiculus- palatine aponeurosis
Insertion- Lamina of thyroid gland
Actions- Pulls up the wall of the pharynx
shortens it during swallowing
Name the origin, insertion and actions of the Musculus Uvulae
Origin- Posterior nasal spine
Palatine aponeurosis
Insertion- Mucous membrane of uvula
Action- Pulls up the uvula
Name the origin, insertion and actions of the Palatoglossus
Origin- Oral surface of palatine aponeurosis
Insertion- Side of the tongue
Actions- Pulls up the root of the tongue
Approximates the palatoglossal arches
Closing of the oropharyngeal isthmus
Nerve supply for the muscles of the soft palate
Tensor veli palatini- Mandibular nerve (exception)
All other muscles are innervated by:
Pharyngeal plexus of nerves
General sensory nerves- Middle and posterior palatine nerves
Special Sensory- Lesser palatine nerves
What is the blood supply to the muscles of the soft palate
Greater palatine branch of maxillary artery
Ascending palatine artery
Palatine branch of ascending pharyngeal artery
What is the venous drainage for the muscles of the soft palate
Pterygoid and Tonsillar Plexus
What muscles are involved in the Passavant’s Ridge
Palatopharyngeal and Superior Constrictor Muscle.
List the functions of the Passavants ridge
- Isolates mouth from oropharynx
- Separates nasopharynx from oropharynx during coughing and sneezing
List the parts of the tongue
Root
Tip/Apex
Body
Dorsum- Oral and pharyngeal parts
List the types of papillae of the tongue
Circumvallate papillae
Fungiform
Filliform
Foliate
List the intrinsic muscles of the tongue.
Superior longitudinal
Inferior longitudinal
Transverse
Vertical
Aka VITS
List the extrinsic muscles of the tongue
Genioglossus
Hyloglossus
Styloglossus
Palatoglossus
Which artery supplies the tongue
Lingual artery;
N.B- Root of the tongue is supplied by the tonsillar and ascending pharyngeal arteries
Venous drainage of the tongue
Deep lingual vein
Lingual vein
Common facial vein or Internal jugular vein
Lymphatics do not accompany blood vessels in the tongue ; True or False?
True
Sate the lymphatic drainage of the tongue
Tip of the tongue- Submental nodes
Anterior 2/3 of the tongue- Submandibular nodes
Posterior 1/3 of the tongue- Jugulo-omohyoid nodes
Nerve supply to the tongue
Motor nerve supply- Hypoglossal nerve
Cranial root of accessory nerve through the pharyngeal plexus
Sensory nerves-
Ant 2/3- Lingual and chordatympani nerve
Post. 1/3- Glossopharyngeal nerve
Which muscle causes paralysis of the tongue if paralyzed
Genioglossus
Which nerve causes paralysis to the tongue if injured
Hypoglossal nerve
What does the sublingual region of the tongue consist of
Frenulum of the tongue
Sublingual papilla
Sublingual fold
Lymphatics
List some anamolies of the tongue
Ankyloglossia- Tongue tie (Sublingual frenulum attached at the tip of the tongue)
Macroglossia
Microglossia
Bifid tongue (in the name)
