Abdominal wall

Question 1

Which fascia inferiorly blends with the fascia lata of the thigh a fingers breadth below the inguinal ligament

Answer 1

Scarpa’s Fascia

Question 2

What is the name given to the scarpa’s fascia after it continues into the perineum

Answer 2

Colle’s Fascia

Question 3

What structures are the Colle’s Fascia attached to?

Answer 3

Ischio Pubic Ramus and posterior end of the Urogenital diaphragm

Question 4

When Scarpa’s fascia attaches to the midline of linea alba what does it give rise to:

Answer 4

Mid Line Groove

Question 5

Origin of the External Oblique Muscle

Answer 5

Eight fleshy slips from the outer surface of the lower eight ribs

Question 6

Insertion of the External Oblique Muscle

Answer 6

external lip of the anterior two-thirds of the iliac crest and by way of the iguinal ligament to the ASIS and pubic tubercle. Also inserts via its aponeurosis to the linea alba.

Question 7

What is the nerve supply of the External oblique muscle

Answer 7

Lower 6 intercostal nerves

Question 8

What is the Linea Semilunaris

Answer 8

Groove which occurs at the lateral border of the resctus abdominis

Question 9

Which 3 muscles meet at the linea semilunaris

Answer 9

Internal oblique
external oblique
Transversus abdominis

Question 10

What is the Linea semicircularis

Answer 10

Lower free crescentric border of the rectus sheath

Question 11

The linea alba extends from where to where

Answer 11

From the xiphoid process to the pubic symphisis

Question 12

Linea alba is considered as avascular; True or False

Answer 12

True

Question 13

Origin of the Internal Oblique Muscle

Answer 13

Lateral 2/3 of the iguinal ligament
Anterior 2/3 of the intermediate area of the iliac crest and thoracolumbar fascia

Question 14

Insertion of the internal oblique muscle

Answer 14

via conjoint tendon into the pubic crest and pectineal line, lower 6 ribs and linea alba

Question 15

Innervation for the internal oblique muscle

Answer 15

Lower 6 thoracic nerves and L1

Question 16

What is the Shutter Mechanism of the Inguinal Canal

Answer 16

When the arcuate fibers of the internal oblique and transversus abdominis muscle contract, they straighten out and move closer to the inguinal ligament (shutter mechanism at the inguinal canal).
This closes the canal preventing hernias

Question 17

Hernia?

Answer 17

A hernia occurs when an internal part of the body pushes through a weakness in the muscle or surrounding tissue wall.

Question 18

Origin of Transversus Abdominis Muscle

Answer 18

Lateral 1/3 of inguinal ligament
Anterior 2/3 of inner lip of iliac crest
Thoraco lumbar fascia
Inner aspect of lower 6 ribs

Question 19

Insertion of Transversus Abdominis Muscle

Answer 19

Xiphoid process
Linea alba
Pubic crest
Pectineal line of pubis

Question 20

Nerve supply of Transversus Abdominis Muscle

Answer 20

Lower 6 intercostal nerves and L1

Question 21

Origin of the Rectus Abdominis muscle

Answer 21

Lateral head from the lateral part of the pubic crest
Medial head from the anterior pubic ligament

Question 22

insertion of the Rectus Abdominis

Answer 22

Anterior surface of costal cartilages 5,6 and 7
Xiphoid process

Question 23

Nerve supply of Rectus abdominis

Answer 23

Lower 6 thoracic nerves

Question 24

Origin of Pyramidalis muscle

Answer 24

Anterior surface of the body of the pubis
Anterior pubic ligament

Question 25

Insertion of Pyramidalis muscle

Answer 25

Into the linea alba

Question 26

Function of pyramidalis muscle

Answer 26

TO tense the linea alba

Question 27

Nerve supply of pyramidalis muscle

Answer 27

Subcostal T1

Question 28

What supplies the skin, muscles and parietal peritoneum of the Anterior Abdominal wall

Answer 28

Anterior rami of the lower 6 thoracic nerves and L1

Question 29

Which nerves emerges through the superficial inguinal ring and supplies the skin at the root of the penis and anterior part of scrotum

Answer 29

Ilioinguinal nerve

Question 30

Which dermatome is at the navel

Answer 30

T10

Question 31

What is Herpes Zoster Opthalmicus

Answer 31

is a viral infection of the nerve that supplies sensation (touch and pain) to the eye surface, eyelids, skin of the forehead and nose (trigeminal nerve)

Question 32

Which dermatome supplies the skin over the xiphisternum

Answer 32

T7

Question 33

Which dermatome supplies the skin of the mons pubis

Answer 33

L1

Question 34

Which artery passes through the space of Larry in the diaphragm

Answer 34

Superior epigastric

Question 35

This area is the site of a direct hernia

Answer 35

Hesselbach’s Triangle

Question 36

Where does the veins in the falciform ligaments drain to

Answer 36

Left branch of the hepatic portal vein

Question 37

When does Caput Medusae arise

Answer 37

In the case of portal hypertension superficial veins become varicose

Question 38

Where does lymph drains above the umbilicus

Answer 38

It drains to the axillary nodes specifically to the pectoral group

Question 39

What is the umbilicus regarded as when it comes on to drainage

Answer 39

Watershed line

Question 40

Umbilicus lymphatics drain into:

Answer 40

the medial group of the superficial inguinal nodes

Question 41

Why would cancer in the umbilicus be secondary to a malignancy in the liver

Answer 41

This is because lymph vessels within the falciform ligaments form communication between the skin of the umbilicus and the liver

Question 42

What forms the lateral umbilical fold

Answer 42

Underlying the inferior epigastric vessels

Question 43

What forms the medial umbilical fold

Answer 43

underlying obliterated umbilical arteries