Inguinal and Femoral Canal Flashcards
Gardener
What type of veins drain the testes
Dilated Piriform Veins
What is a varicocele
enlargement of the veins that transport oxygen-depleted blood away from the testicle.
What are the landmarks of the pelvis
Sacroiliac joints
ASIS
Anterior sacroiliac ligament
Petineal line
Pubic Tubercle
Pubic symphysis
Pubic crest
What is the base of the superficial inguinal ring
Pubic crest
What is the origin and insertion of the External Oblique Muscles
Origin: External Surface of ribs 5-12
Insertion: Anterior 2/3 of the iliac crest
Pubic Tubercle
Linea Alba
The external oblique muscles become aponeurotic at the mid-clavicular line. True of False?
True
What forms the Inguinal Ligament of Poupart?
The lower margin of the external oblique muscle between ASIS and Pubic tubercle rolls inward and forms a gutter
What is the Lacunar Ligament
Otherwise known as Gimbernat’s ligament is one that is formed from the fibers of the external oblique which expand posteriorly and laterally to attach to the Pectineal Line
Which ligament forms the medial border of the Femoral Ring
Lacunar Ligament
What is the superficial inguinal ring
It is a defect in the aponeurosis of the external oblique muscle
What is the origin and insertion of the Internal Oblique Muscles?
origin: Thoracolumbar fascia(posteriorly),
Anterior 2/3 iliac crest
Lateral 2/3 of inguinal ligament
Insertion: Lower 6 ribs
Linea Alba
its lower arching fibers (Conjoint tendon) to the Pubic crest & Pectineal line
The internal Oblique muscle becomes aponeurotic at the region of the mid-clavicular lin. True or False?
True
Transversus Abdominis origin and insertion:
Origin: Thoracolumbar fascia
Iliac crest
Lateral 1/3 of inguinal ligament
Internal surfaces of 7th- 12th costal cartilages
Insertion: Linea alba
Lowermost arching fibers similarly as conjoint tendon to pubic crest and pectineal line
Another name for the conjoint tendon?
Inguinal Falx
List the layers of the abdominal wall from most superficial to least
Skin
Camper’s Fascia
Scarpa’s Fascia
External Oblique
Internal Oblique
Transversus Abdominis
Transversalis Fascia
Preperitoneal fat
Parietal Peritoneum
Where does indirect hernias emerge from
Deep Inguinal Ring
Where does direct hernia arise from
Hesselbach’s Triangle
The deep inguinal ring can be found 1.25cm superior to the mid-point of the inguinal ligament. True or False
True
What is the inguinal canal
Oblique intermuscular slit/passage through inferior part of the anterolateral abdominal wall.
How long is the Inguinal Canal
3-5cm long
What are the main occupants of the inguinal canal
Spermatic cord: males
Round Ligament of uterus: Females
Where does the superficial inguinal ring open
Fibers of the external aponeurosis
Where does the deep inguinal ring open
Oval opening of the Transversalis Fascia
What forms the anterior wall of the Inguinal Canal
External Oblique Aponeurosis
laterally the oblique muscle contributes
What forms the posterior wall of the Inguinal Canal
Transversalis Fascia
medial part reinforced by conjoint tendon
Which tract runs parallel and posterior to the inguinal ligament and is as a result of the thickening of the Transversalis Fascia
Iliopubic Tract
What is the roof of the Inguinal canal formed from
Formed by the arching of the Internal oblique muscle and transversus abdominis
This ligament forms the floor of the inguinal canal and is medially reinforced by the lacunar ligament
Inguinal Ligament
What is a hernia
Protrusion of an internal organ through a defect in the wall of a body cavity
Inguinal canal is a site of potential weakness of the abdominal wall. True or False
True
What is the Flap valve mechanism
When intraabdominal pressure is raised the anterior and post walls verge like a flap closing the canal
Outer Shutter Mechanism
When the roof of the inguinal canal which is formed by the arching internal oblique muscle and transversus abdominis muscles contract the arch is flattened and this closes the canal
Inner shutter Mechanism
The Transversus abdominis in contracting causes the Interfoveolar ligament to close around the Deep ring
Name the 3 covering s of the spermatic cord and their origins
Internal spermatic fascia- Transversalis fascia
Cremasteric Fascia- from fascia of the superficial and deep surfaces of the internal oblique muscle
External Spermatic Fascia- External Oblique Aponeurosis
The Transversus Abdominis does not give any contribution to the spermatic cord coverings. True or False?
True
Cremasteric Reflex?
A superficial reflex found in males that is elicited when the medial thigh is stroked
