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Digestive > Histology of Stomach and small intestines > Flashcards

Histology of Stomach and small intestines Flashcards

Loubi

1
Q

List the tissular organization of the digest system starting from the innermost layer

A

Mucosa
Submucosa
Muscularis Externa
Serousa

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2
Q

What kind of tissue is the submucosa made up of

A

Dense irregular connective tissue

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3
Q

What controls motricity of mucosa and secretory activity of mucosal gland in the submucosa

A

Meissner’s plexus(parasympathetic neurons)

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4
Q

Which 2 muscles comprises the muscularis externa

A

Circular smooth muscle( inner layer)
Outer Longitudinal smooth muscle

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5
Q

Which plexus is present between the circular and longitudinal layer of the muscularis externa

A

Myenteric ( Auerbach’s) Plexus

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6
Q

What type of fibres does the Auerbach’s plexus contain

A

Parasympathetic fibers

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7
Q

What kind of tissue makes up the Serosa of the digestive tract

A

Loose connective tissue- surrounding visceral organs

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8
Q

What kind of enzymes does the stomach secrete

A

Protein-digesting enzymes called Proteases

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9
Q

Name the four sections of the stomach and their functions

A

Cardia- Where the contents of the esophagus empty into the stomach
Fundus- Formed by the upper curvature of the organ
Body or Corpus- The main central region
Pylorus- The lower section of the organ that facilitates emptying the contents into the small intestines

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10
Q

What is the epithelium of the stomach

A

Simple columnar epithelium

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11
Q

What is the epithelium of the oesophagus

A

Stratified squamous epithelium

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12
Q

Define Rugae:

A

Longitudinal folds of mucosa and submucosa
note : all stomach regions have rugae

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13
Q

Rugae are temporary and disappear when stomach distended with fluid or solid material; True or FALSE

A

True

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14
Q

The stomach only has 3 histological regions name them:

A

Fundus and body
Cardia
Pylorus

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15
Q

Which region of the stomach are gastric glands located:

A

Fundus and body

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16
Q

There are 2 main cell types in the gastric glands located in the lamina propria of the mucosal layer; name them

A

Acidophilic parietal cells: in upper portions of glands
Basophilic Chief( zygomatic) cells- Lower portion of the glands

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17
Q

There are 3 layers of smooth muscle located in the Muscularis externa of the stomach; name them:

A

Inner oblique(not complete)
Middle circular
Outer Longitudinal

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18
Q

Describe the 3 regions of the gastric glands

A

Isthmus- junction of gastric pit with gastric gland; composed of acidophillic parietal cells
Neck- parietal cells
Base (fundus)- composed of chief (zymogenic cells), basophilic

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19
Q

3 Main types of cells in glands

A

Mucous neck cells: Round, basal nuclei
Parietal cells: large, pyramidal shape, round nuclei, acidophilic cytoplasm
Chief (zymogenic) cells: basophillic

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20
Q

What so parietal cells secrete

A

Intrinsic factor and HCL

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21
Q

Chief cells secrete

A

Pepsinogen and gastric lipase

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22
Q

What are G cells

A

Enteroendocrine cells that secrete gastrin into the blood

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23
Q

The gastric pits in the pyloric is deeper than in the body or fundus; True of False

A

True

24
Q

There is only one type of cell in the pyloric region of the stomach; name it

A

Tall columnar cell

25
Q

What separates the pylorus from the duodenum

A

Pyloric Sphincter- by thickened circular layer of muscularis externa of the stomach

26
Q

What kind of epithelium is in the duodenum

A

Intestinal epithelium- goblet cells and columnar cells with microvilli

27
Q

What type of glands are located in the submucosa of the upper duodenum

A

Brunner’s Gland (Duodenal glands)

28
Q

When there is an overproduction of serotonin from enteroendocrine cells what is the result?

A

Ans: Tumors called Carcinogens are produced

29
Q

What colour staining would an Isthmus of gland generate?

A

Ans: Clear

30
Q

What are enteroendocrine cells

A

Aka APUD cells; secrete different peptides and proteins with hormonal activity

31
Q

Where is serotonin secreted

A

Fundus

32
Q

What is the primary function of the small intestines aka small bowel

A

absorption of nutrients and minerals found in food

33
Q

Average length of small intestines found in adult male and female

A

Male: 6.9m; 22ft 6 inches
Female: 7.1m; 23ft 4 inches

34
Q

What is the diameter of the small intestines

A

Approximately 2.5 - 3cm

35
Q

Name he 3 structural parts that divide the small intestines

A

Duodenum
Jejunum
Ileum

36
Q

Name the cells and glands located within the small intestines

A

Intestinal Glands(Crypts of Lieberkuhn)
Goblet Cells
Absorptive cells
Duodenal (Brunner’s) glands
Enterendocrine cells (APUD)
Paneth cells
Peyer’s patches
M cells

37
Q

Which cell type is the most common in the intestinal epithelium

A

Absorptive cells

38
Q

Brunner’s glands are tubular acinar true or false

A

True

39
Q

Which cells contains granukes releasing antimicrobial substances, protects stem cells and are involved in innate immunity

A

Paneth Cells

40
Q

Function of M cells

A

Phagocytose luminal antigens and present them to lymphocytes and macrophages (APCs)

41
Q

Which parts of the duodenum ae serous and which are adventitia

A

1st part- Serous
2nd - 4t part: Adventitia

42
Q

Which muscles make up the muscularis externa for the duodenum, jejunum and ileum

A

Longitudinal and Circular layers with Auerbach’s plexus in between

43
Q

Name the only section of the intestines where you can find Brunner’s Glands and Meissner’s plexus

A

Duodenum

44
Q

Which section of the small intestines has Peyer’s Patches

A

Ileum

45
Q

What are Peyer’s Patches

A

Aggregations of lymphatic nodules

46
Q

Which part of the small intestines is the smallest and is the site for which most absorption takes place

A

Duodenum

47
Q

The duodenum begins with the duodenal bulb and end with the ligament of Treitz; True or False

A

True

48
Q

How long is the duodenum

A

25-38cm (10-15inches)

49
Q

How long is the Jejunum

A

2.5m

50
Q

Which section of the small intestines has the longest villi

A

Jejunum

51
Q

Which aspect of the small intestines specializes in the absorption of monosaccharides

A

jejunum

52
Q

What separates the ileum from the caecum

A

Ileocecal valve

53
Q

How long is the ileum and what is it’s pH

A

2-4m long
7 and 8 pH

54
Q

What are the functions of the Ileum

A

absorb vitamin B12 and bile salts

55
Q

What are Lacteals

A

Small lymph vessels
Absorb fatty acids and glycerol

56
Q
A

Digestive (16 decks)

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