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MD1S2: Anatomy 202 > Stomach > Flashcards

Stomach Flashcards

1
Q

What is the stomach?

A

Widest, most distensible part of the digestive tube

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2
Q

Connections of the stomach

A

Lower end of esophagus
Duodenum

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3
Q

Location of the stomach

A

Lies obliquely in the upper and left part of the abdomen in the epigastric, umbilical and left hypochondriac regions
Most of it lies under cover of the left costal margin and the ribs

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4
Q

Length of the stomach

A

25 cm

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5
Q

Capacity of stomach at birth

A

30 ml

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6
Q

Capacity of stomach at puberty

A

1L

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7
Q

Capacity of stomach in adults

A

1.5-2L

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8
Q

What are the four major external features of the stomach?

A

Two orifices/openings, two curvatures/borders, two surfaces and two parts

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9
Q

What are the orifices of the stomach?

A

Cardiac orifice
Pyloric orifice

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10
Q

What is the cardiac orifice?

A

Joined to the lower end of the esophagus

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11
Q

Location of cardiac orifice

A

Behind the left 7th costal cartilage, 2.5 cm from its junction with the sternum, at the level of T11

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12
Q

What is the pyloric orifice?

A

Opens into the duodenum

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13
Q

Location of the pyloric orifice

On empty stomach and supine position

A

1.2 cm to the right of median plane, at the level of lower border of L1 or transpyloric plane

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14
Q

What are the curvatures of the stomach?

A

Lesser curvature (right border)
Greater curvature (left border)

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15
Q

Attachments of the lesser curvature

A

Lesser omentum

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16
Q

Most dependent part of the lesser curvature

A

Angular notch/incisura angularis

17
Q

Attachments of the greater curvature

A

Greater omentum, gastrosplenic ligament and gastrophrenic ligament

18
Q

Surfaces of the stomach

A

Anterosuperior surface
Posteroinferior surface

19
Q

What are the parts of the stomach?

A

Cardiac
Pyloric

20
Q

Subdivisions of the cardiac part of the stomach

A

Fundus
Body

21
Q

Subdivisions of the pyloric part of the stomach

A

Antrum
Pyloric canal

22
Q

How are the fundus and body separated?

A

The fundus is the upper convex dome shaped part situated above a horizontal line drawn at the level of the cardiac orifice

23
Q

Appearance of the fundus under radiological examination

A

Distended with gas
Seen under the left dome of diaphragm

24
Q

What types of secretory cells do the gastric glands of the stomach contain?
NOT NECESSARY FOR EXAM

A

Mucous cells
Chief, peptic or zymogenic cells (secreting the digestive enzymes)
The parietal or oxyntic cells (secreting HCl)

25
Q

NOT NECESSARY FOR EXAM

A

1 The pyloric antrum is separated from the pyloric canal by an inconstant sulcus, sulcus intermedius present on the greater curvature.
It is about 7.5 cm long. The pyloric glands are richest in mucous cells.
2 The pyloric canal is about 2.5 cm long. It is narrow and tubular. At its right end, it terminates at the pylorus.

26
Q

Visceral relations of the stomach

A

Anterior relations: Liver, diaphragm, and the anterior abdominal wall

27
Q

Posterior relations of the stomach

A

Structures forming the stomach bed

28
Q

What structures form the stomach bed?

A

Diaphragm
Left kidney
Left suprarenal gland
Pancreas
Transverse mesocolon
Splenic flexure of the colon
Splenic artery

29
Q

Structures founds in the interior of the stomach

A

Mucosa of an empty stomach is folded into gastric rugae
Submucous coat is made of connective tissue, arterioles and nerve plexus
Muscle coat
Serous coat consists of the peritoneal covering

30
Q

Arrangement of the muscle coat of the stomach

A

Longitudinal fibres are most superficial, mainly along the curvatures
Inner circular fibres encircle the body and are thickened at pylorus to form pyloric sphincter
The deepest layer consists of oblique fibres which loop over the cardiac notch

31
Q

Arterial supply of the stomach

A

Lesser Curvature: Left gastric artery (branch of the coeliac trunk) and the right gastric artery (branch of the proper hepatic artery)
Greater Curvature: Right gastroepiploic artery (branch of the gastroduodenal) and the left gastroepiploic artery (branch of the splenic artery)
Fundus: 5 to 7 short gastric arteries (branches of the splenic artery)

32
Q

Veins of the stomach

A

Portal, superior mesenteric and splenic veins

33
Q

Lymphatic drainage of stomach

A
34
Q

Sympathetic nerve supply of stomach

A

Derived from T6 to T10 of the spinal cord, via the greater splanchnic nerves, coeliac and hepatic plexuses

35
Q

Parasympathetic nerve supply of stomach

A

Derived from the vagi, through the oesophageal plexus and gastric nerves

MD1S2: Anatomy 202 (33 decks)

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