Stomach

Question 1

What is the stomach?

Answer 1

Widest, most distensible part of the digestive tube

Question 2

Connections of the stomach

Answer 2

Lower end of esophagus
Duodenum

Question 3

Location of the stomach

Answer 3

Lies obliquely in the upper and left part of the abdomen in the epigastric, umbilical and left hypochondriac regions
Most of it lies under cover of the left costal margin and the ribs

Question 4

Length of the stomach

Answer 4

25 cm

Question 5

Capacity of stomach at birth

Answer 5

30 ml

Question 6

Capacity of stomach at puberty

Answer 6

1L

Question 7

Capacity of stomach in adults

Answer 7

1.5-2L

Question 8

What are the four major external features of the stomach?

Answer 8

Two orifices/openings, two curvatures/borders, two surfaces and two parts

Question 9

What are the orifices of the stomach?

Answer 9

Cardiac orifice
Pyloric orifice

Question 10

What is the cardiac orifice?

Answer 10

Joined to the lower end of the esophagus

Question 11

Location of cardiac orifice

Answer 11

Behind the left 7th costal cartilage, 2.5 cm from its junction with the sternum, at the level of T11

Question 12

What is the pyloric orifice?

Answer 12

Opens into the duodenum

Question 13

Location of the pyloric orifice

On empty stomach and supine position

Answer 13

1.2 cm to the right of median plane, at the level of lower border of L1 or transpyloric plane

Question 14

What are the curvatures of the stomach?

Answer 14

Lesser curvature (right border)
Greater curvature (left border)

Question 15

Attachments of the lesser curvature

Answer 15

Lesser omentum

Question 16

Most dependent part of the lesser curvature

Answer 16

Angular notch/incisura angularis

Question 17

Attachments of the greater curvature

Answer 17

Greater omentum, gastrosplenic ligament and gastrophrenic ligament

Question 18

Surfaces of the stomach

Answer 18

Anterosuperior surface
Posteroinferior surface

Question 19

What are the parts of the stomach?

Answer 19

Cardiac
Pyloric

Question 20

Subdivisions of the cardiac part of the stomach

Answer 20

Fundus
Body

Question 21

Subdivisions of the pyloric part of the stomach

Answer 21

Antrum
Pyloric canal

Question 22

How are the fundus and body separated?

Answer 22

The fundus is the upper convex dome shaped part situated above a horizontal line drawn at the level of the cardiac orifice

Question 23

Appearance of the fundus under radiological examination

Answer 23

Distended with gas
Seen under the left dome of diaphragm

Question 24

What types of secretory cells do the gastric glands of the stomach contain?
NOT NECESSARY FOR EXAM

Answer 24

Mucous cells
Chief, peptic or zymogenic cells (secreting the digestive enzymes)
The parietal or oxyntic cells (secreting HCl)

Question 25

NOT NECESSARY FOR EXAM

Answer 25

1 The pyloric antrum is separated from the pyloric canal by an inconstant sulcus, sulcus intermedius present on the greater curvature. It is about 7.5 cm long. The pyloric glands are richest in mucous cells. 2 The pyloric canal is about 2.5 cm long. It is narrow and tubular. At its right end, it terminates at the pylorus.

Question 26

Visceral relations of the stomach

Answer 26

Anterior relations: Liver, diaphragm, and the anterior abdominal wall

Question 27

Posterior relations of the stomach

Answer 27

Structures forming the stomach bed

Question 28

What structures form the stomach bed?

Answer 28

Diaphragm Left kidney Left suprarenal gland Pancreas Transverse mesocolon Splenic flexure of the colon Splenic artery

Question 29

Structures founds in the interior of the stomach

Answer 29

Mucosa of an empty stomach is folded into **gastric rugae** Submucous coat is made of connective tissue, arterioles and nerve plexus Muscle coat Serous coat consists of the peritoneal covering

Question 30

Arrangement of the muscle coat of the stomach

Answer 30

Longitudinal fibres are most superficial, mainly along the curvatures Inner circular fibres encircle the body and are thickened at pylorus to form pyloric sphincter The deepest layer consists of oblique fibres which loop over the cardiac notch

Question 31

Arterial supply of the stomach

Answer 31

**Lesser Curvature**: Left gastric artery (branch of the coeliac trunk) and the right gastric artery (branch of the proper hepatic artery) **Greater Curvature**: Right gastroepiploic artery (branch of the gastroduodenal) and the left gastroepiploic artery (branch of the splenic artery) **Fundus**: 5 to 7 short gastric arteries (branches of the splenic artery)

Question 32

Veins of the stomach

Answer 32

Portal, superior mesenteric and splenic veins

Question 33

Lymphatic drainage of stomach

Answer 33

Question 34

Sympathetic nerve supply of stomach

Answer 34

Derived from T6 to T10 of the spinal cord, via the greater splanchnic nerves, coeliac and hepatic plexuses

Question 35

Parasympathetic nerve supply of stomach

Answer 35

Derived from the vagi, through the oesophageal plexus and gastric nerves