Male Reproductive System - Testes

Question 1

What are the organs of the male reproductive system?

Answer 1

Testes
Duct System (Epididymis, Vas Deferens, Urethra)
Accessory Organs (Seminal Vesicles, Prostate Gland, Bulbourethral Gland)
Exteral Genital Organs (Penis and Scrotum containing Testes and Epididymis)

Question 2

What are the testes?

Answer 2

Male gonad

Question 3

What suspends the testes in the scrotum?

Answer 3

Spermatic Cord

Question 4

Orientation of the testes

Answer 4

Oblique - Upper pole tilted forwards and laterally, lower pole backwards and medially

Question 5

Difference between right and left testes

Answer 5

Left slightly lower than right

Question 6

Shape of the testes

Answer 6

Ellipsoid

Question 7

Dimensions of the testes?

Answer 7

5cm long
2.5 cm broad
0.5 inch thick

Question 8

Two poles of the testes

Answer 8

Upper
Lower

Question 9

Shape of the poles of the testes

Answer 9

Convex

Question 10

What does the upper pole of the testes provide attachment to?

Answer 10

Spermatic Cord

Question 11

Borders of the testes

Answer 11

Anterior
Posterior

Question 12

Features of the anterior border of the testes

Answer 12

Convex and smooth
Fully covered by tunica vaginalis

Question 13

Features of posterior border of the testes

Answer 13

Straight
Partially covered by tunica vaginalis (where testicular vessels and nerves enter the glands)

Question 14

What are the surfaces of the testes?

Answer 14

Medial
Lateral

Question 15

What is the appendix of the testes?

Answer 15

Remnant of the paramesonephric duct

Question 16

What is the sinus of the epididymis?

Answer 16

Medial surface of epididymis is separated from the testes by an extension of the cavity of the tunica vaginalis

Question 17

Coverings of the testes

Answer 17

Superficial to deep:
Tunica Vaginalis
Tunica Albuginea
Tunica Vasculosa

Question 18

Characteristics of the tunica albuginea

Answer 18

Dense, white fibrous coat covering the testes all around
Posterior border is thickened to form mediastinum testis
Septa from mediastinum to inner surface of tunica albuginea form 200-300 lobules

Question 19

What is the tunica vasculosa?

Answer 19

Vascular coat of testes lining its lobules

Question 20

Structure of the testes

Answer 20

200-300 lobules
Each lobule contains 2-3 seminiferous tubules (Highly coiled tubules which produce spermatozoa)
Seminiferous tubules join at apices of lobules to form 20-30 straight tubules which enter mediastinum
Anastomose to form network of tubules called rete testis
Rete testis gives rise to 12-30 efferent ductules which enter the epididymis
Tubules become highly coiled forming head of epididymis
Tubules end in single duct which forms body and tail of epididymis

Question 21

Arterial supply of testes

Answer 21

Testicular artery

Question 22

Venous drainage of testes

Answer 22

Pampiniform plexus

Question 23

Lymphatic drainage

Answer 23

Preaortic and paraaortic lymph nodes

Question 24

Nerve supply of testes

Answer 24

Sympathetic arises from 10

Question 25

Extent of epididymis

Answer 25

Deep inguinal ring to upper part of posterior border of testes

Question 26

Coverings of spermatic cord

Answer 26

Internal spermatic fascia
Cremasteric muscle fascia
External spermatic fascia

Question 27

Contents of the spermatic cord

Answer 27

Vas deferens
Pampiniform plexus
testicular artery,
Lymphatics of testis & epididymis
Nerves: Genital branch of genitofemoral nerve & testicular plexus
Loose connective tissue