Stolove Final - TBI

Question 1

difference between open vs closed injury

Answer 1

Open - meninges breached, brain exposed, generally from penetrating missle
closed - no fracture, coup mechanism, contracoup side is where tissue damage usually occurs

Question 2

with what ROM is their an increased likelihood of diffuse axonal damage and brainstem injury?

Answer 2

rotation (of neck)

Question 3

what is a gliding contusion?

Answer 3

gray matter moves over white matter

Question 4

what type of hemorrhage can trigger a vasospasm where the area bcecomes ischemic?

Answer 4

subarachnoid

Question 5

Diffuse axonal injury due to shear and tensile forces potential 4 results of this.

Answer 5

Edema
Increase in Glutamate
Increase in Free Radicals
Frank blood in parachyma

Question 6

4 results of compressive damage

Answer 6

herniations
ANS changes (RR, HR, Temp, Sweating, Salvation)
swelling or pooling of blood in brain

Question 7

2 results of hypoxia (decreased oxygen)

Answer 7

decreased blood to brain

Question 8

hypertension result

Answer 8

lower pressure, blood cant get in

Question 9

Clinical manifestations of a concussion

how long to heal?

Answer 9

brief LOC
dizziness, nausea, irritable
migraine with or without aura
1 week, longer if athlete

Question 10

locked in syndrome occurs due to injury to what area?

Answer 10

ventral pons

Question 11

how long do comas usually last?

Answer 11

4 weeks

Question 12

the following areas of the brain affect what mental thing?

frontal, oribital frontal, septal, pseudobulbar

Answer 12

learning, memory
behavoir disinhibited
irritability
emotional lability

Question 13

Cognitive/behavioral disturbance associated with Frontal Lobe pathology (5)

Answer 13

distractable
sexually innapropriate
apathy
anosognosia (denial of deficit)
anosodiaphoria (lack of concern about deficit)

Question 14

Behavioral Disturbances after TBI (8)

Answer 14

Abrupt physical actions
Rambling speech
Interrupts conversations
Socially inappropriate
Irritable
Labile affect
Anger
Depression /restricted affect

Question 15

Ranchos los amigos scale level 1-8 means what?

Answer 15

1: unresponsive to
8: purposeful/appropriate (not a return to baseline)

Question 16

3 ways memory is affected tbi with LOC

Answer 16

retrograde amnesia
post-traumatic amnesia
anterograde memory

Question 17

3 types of pain which may result from a TBI

Answer 17

Neuropathic pain from aberrant somatosensory processing
Myofacial pain with trigger points
Fibromyalgic pain

Question 18

what cranial nerves are affected during corneal refulex stimulation of cornea “eye closes”

Answer 18

glossopharyngeal, and vegas nerves - medulla

Question 19

what is decorticate posturing? decerebate posturing?

Answer 19

both upper extremities flexed and both lower extremities extended
all four extremities in extension

Question 20

how long after injury can heterotopic ossification occur?

Answer 20

4-12 weeks after injury

Question 21

3 respiratory compromises which develop from TBI’s

Answer 21

Pulmonary edema
Aspiration pneumonia
Pulmonary emboli secondary to DVT

Question 22

what is second impact syndrome?

Answer 22

effects of multiple consussions are cumulative among athletes

Question 23

any score of 9 or less on the glascow scale indicates what?

Answer 23

coma

Question 24

which imaging is best to use for posterior fossa lesions, corpus collosal and intraventricular hemorrhages, and better for testing increased intracranial pressure?

Answer 24

MRI

Question 25

a neuro psych evaluation reveal more suble deficits by testing what 4 categories of cognition?

Answer 25

attention span
memory
language
spatial integration

Question 26

administer what for edema? what for free radicals?

Answer 26

steriods

vitamin E

Question 27

main subactute treatment of TBI’s

Answer 27

control spasticity and seizures

Question 28

infants are less likely to have a skull fracture and therefore are more prone to

Answer 28

subdural or epidural hemorrhage

Question 29

what is the leading cause of death and disability in children

Answer 29

TBI’s

Question 30

drowing is the ________ leading cause of death in children 1-4 years

Answer 30

third