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Clinical Medicine > Dr. O Quiz 2 > Flashcards

Dr. O Quiz 2 Flashcards

0
Q

How do women and men differ regarding injury?

A

Women double their rate of injury during ovulation (high estrogen)
Men increase muscle volume twice as fast when strength training

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1
Q

How does the body react to trauma?

A
  1. Inflammation
  2. Vasoconstriction > dilation > some reversible of dilation
  3. Increased blood and permeability
  4. WBCs clean up area
  5. Increased muscle tone, spasm, loss of FCN
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2
Q

Definition of Sarcopenia

A

Age - related loss in muscle mass, strength, and endurance I the metabolic quality of skeletal muscle

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3
Q

What percent of muscle loss do women and men lose at age 4 and 60 respectively?
When is it greatest?

A

4-60% per decade

Greatest with inactivity, acute illness, and after age 70

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4
Q

How do we help or reverse sarcopenia?

What is best method?

A

Exercise can alter slow or reverse sarcopenia

STRENGTH training is the best method

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5
Q

What is one form of treatment for an aging joint?

A

Glucosamine-chondroitin supplementation

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6
Q

What happens to humans joints and bones as we age?

A

They lose water and become stiff

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7
Q

How to treat aging bone

A

Strength training and nutrition

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8
Q

What kind of exercises makes people have a larger aerobic type 1 red fibers?

A

Endurance exercises

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9
Q

What are the general guidlines of exercise duration per week?

A

5 days a week for a 30 minute duration
5 min warm up and cools own
20 min of intensity (stimulus)

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10
Q

How often should elderly people do strenghtening exercises?

A

Elderly people should do endurance exercises 3 days a week and strengthening exercises 2 days a week

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11
Q

Definition of osteoporosis

Difference between primary and secondary

A

Decrease bone mass and micro damage to the bone structure with susceptibility of fracture
Primary: postmenapausal/ estrogen deficient or age related
Secondary: attained by medication or other consigns or diseases

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12
Q

Osteopenia definition

When 3 conditions can it occur?

A

Bone demineralization

Can occur during deficit in hormonal levels, inadequate physical activity, or poor nutrition

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13
Q

What are the risk factors for osteoporosis?

A 
Hormonal status
Heredity
Ethnicity (white women)
Inactivity
Medications
Depression
Excess acid
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14
Q

What constitudes a femal athlete triad?

A

Eating disorder, amenorrhea, and osteoporosis

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15
Q

What is the function of osteoblasts?

A

Forms bone

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16
Q

What is the function of osteoclasts?

A

Remove or remodel bone

A balance is required between osteoblasts and osteoclasts activity.

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17
Q

What kind of exercise should someone with osteoporosis perform?
What kind of exercises are contraindicated?

A

Resistance trAining has the most profound effect. (Region specific so abs are ok)
Splinal flexion exercises

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18
Q

What Are the dietary necessities for someone with osteoporosis?

A 
Low fat (decrease animal protein)
Calcium and magnesium rich (increase soy and vegetables)
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19
Q

What are the symptoms of someone who has osteoporosis?

A

Mid thoracic shaft pain
Excessive thoracic curvature
Loss of height
Back pain

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20
Q

What are the 5 medications whose side effects can cause osteoporosis?

A

Corticosteroids, diuretics, psychotropic meds, meds for depression, meds for high BP

21
Q

What are the risk factors for osteomalacia?(5)

A 
Old age
Residence in cold geographic area
Vitamin D deficiency
Gastrectomy
Intestinal malabsorption
22
Q

Which exercises should be avoided for Paget’s disease? (4)

A

Jogging, running, jumping, and forward bending/twisting

23
Q

What vitamins should someone with osteomalacia take?

A

Calcium and vitamin D

24
Q

Definition of osteomyelitis

Difference between exogenous and endogenous osteomyelitis

A

Inflammation of bone caused by infection organism such as bacteria fungi parasite or virus
Exogenous is caused by a puncture wound, extension from abscess, or burn, while endogenous is caused by infection within marrow or cortex

25
Q

What are the risk factors for an infection at a implant or prosthesis site?
What is the clinical manifestation of this?

A 
Prior surgery at site
RA
Corticosteroids 
DM
Poor nutrition 
Low albumin
Obesity
Peristant joint pain with actute symptom
26
Q

What’s the treatment for total hip replacement infections?

A

Prosthesis removal accompanied by extensive and meticulous surgical debridement

27
Q

Why does diskitis occur?

How does the patient feel?

A

The disk is not profused, however the blood supply is poor to the are therefore bacteria gets in their and leads to spreading
Back pain

28
Q

What are the predisposing factors for infectious (septic) arthritis? (8)

A 
Systemic corticosteroid use
Radiation
Preexisting  arthritis
Arthrocenthesis
HIV
DM
alcohol or drug abuse
Trauma
29
Q

What are the signs and symptoms of infectious (septic) arthritis?
Child and adult
What kind of drug should a therapist be aware of in someone at risk with infectious arthritis?

A

In child - refusal to bear weight and extremely tender to palpation
Fever and acute exacerbation of arthritis
Corticosteroid or STATINS

30
Q

Definition of myositis

A

Inflammation of muscle that can be autoimmune condition directly caused by bacteria or parasites

31
Q

What type of exercises are good for a person with TB to perform?
Early?

A

Active ROM

passive ROM has been found to have beneficial effects on healing joints

32
Q

What is the difference between a sprain and a strain?

A

A strain is a stretching or tearing of muscular unit while a sprain is an injury of ligamentous structure around or the joint or excessive joint motion

33
Q

What are the grades of strain?

A

1st degree - mild with minor swelling/discomfort
2nd degree - partial tearing, loss in function, moderate pain
3rd degree - complete loss of structures usually requiring surgery

34
Q

Tendinitis/mayofascial syndrome occurs as a potential side effect of what medication?
What are some clinical symptoms of mayo fascial pain syndrome?

A

Antibiotics
Pain out of proportion
Deep throbbing
Sensory deficit
Swollen extremity with smooth shiny or red skin
Extremity is tense on palpation and passive stretch increases pain

35
Q

Where is a common site for heterotrophic ossificans?

What is the treatment for this?

A

Biceps or upper arm/elbow area

Active or gentile motion is ok, not aggressive joint mobs

36
Q

What are treatments for fibromyalgia?

A

Ultrasound on continuous mode

Home program of pressure followed by sustained stretch

37
Q

What are the clinical manifestations of rhabdomyolisis?
What kind of exercise can result In exertional rhabdomyolisis?
How to treat?

A

Muscle pain and weakness
Strenuous exercise such as marathon running
Rehydration and correction of electrolytes

38
Q

What is myofascial pain syndrome?

A

An overuse or muscle stress syndrome marked by the prescence of myofascial trigger points within a taut band of muscle

39
Q

How does osteoarthritis occur?
Is it poly or mono articular?
Symmetrical or asymmetrical?
How to treat? (6)

A

It is a slowly evolving disease that appears to originate in the cartilage

40
Q

What is DDD?

A

Degenerative intervertebral disk disease is an aberrant cell-mediated response to progressive structural failure.

41
Q

what is rheumatic disease

A

RA is a chronic systemic inflammatory disease

42
Q

In ankylosing spondylitis what kind of exercises should be avoided?

A

High impact and flexion exercises.

No over exercising

43
Q

What is Sjögren’s syndrome?

A

Connective tissue disease that is characterized by the body’s inability to distinguish healthy cells from forge in substance

44
Q

What is gout?

How it come about?

A

Heterogenous group of metabolic disorders marked by elevated serum, uric acid, and urate crystals in joint, soft tissue and kidney.
Family history, alcohol, obesity, lead, shellfish, organ meat, kidney impairment

45
Q

How does reactive arthritis show itself?

A

Onycholysis of finger nails, dactylitis, mouth ulcer, vaginal or penile discharge.

46
Q

3 signs of Reuters syndrome

A

Uritis, conjunctivitis, and arthritis

47
Q

How long does it take for the clinical union of a fracture to heAl?

A

6 weeks

48
Q

Where on the body will cancer metastasize to?

A

Breast, lung

49
Q

What is the difference between a begnine tumor and a malignant tumor?

A

Benign tumor a are well differentiated and rarely invade locally while malignant rumors spread to other sites and often invade locally through bloodstream

50
Q

When will pain result from cancer?
During activity?
Daytime?
Or night?

A

At nighttime

Clinical Medicine (11 decks)

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