Stolove Final - SCI

Question 1

what are the 1st, 2nd, and 3rd causes of SCI?

Answer 1

MVA (40%)
GSW (15%)
sport related

Question 2

difference between
concussion
contusion
laceration/maceration

Answer 2

injury by blow/shaking
bruise from blunt trauma (glial cell injury)
GSW or knife wound

Question 3

excessive flexion injury results in what type of fracture?

exsessive extension most dangerous for what population?

Answer 3

hangmans fracture

elderly

Question 4

first 18 hours after injury death of what?

following weeks?

Answer 4

axons

up to four segments

Question 5

4 types of secondary injury post trauma

Answer 5

ischemia
hypoxia
edema
toxix/harmful chemical

Question 6

excess of which mineral post secondary injury?

micro hemorrhage in what area of spinal cord?

Answer 6

calcium

central gray

Question 7

wallerian degeneration occus in which part of spinal cord?

Answer 7

white matter

Question 8

post limb deafferentiation what occurs in the dorsal column nuclei?

Answer 8

shrinkage

Question 9

what is neuropraxia?

what extreme ROM does this occur during?

Answer 9

temporary sensorimotor loss

flexion/extension

Question 10

syringomyelia occurs post injury for how many year?

what will the patient symptoms be blow the level of the lesion?

Answer 10

30

pain, weakness, atrophy, loss of reflexes

Question 11

in the Asia system is “A” complete or partial tear? “E”?

Answer 11

complete

partial

Question 12

Brown Sequard SPI what kind of injury?

what is affected ipsilaterally? contralaterally? (2 for both)

Answer 12

A/P hemisection (laceration
Ipsilateral weakness, abnormal reflexes
contralateral loss of pain and temp

Question 13

anterior cord injury results due to what kind of injury?

what sensations are lost and where?

Answer 13

flexion

bilateral loss of pain and temp

Question 14

Central cord syndrome occurs due to what kind of injury and where on the body?
greater UE or LE involvement?

Answer 14

cervical hyperextension

UE

Question 15

posterior cord syndrome results in loss of what? where?

how does their gait present?

Answer 15

proprioception below level of injury

wide based steppage gait

Question 16

Conus Medullaris/Cauda Equina damage at what area?

presents with what 2 conditions?

Answer 16

base of spinal cord

LE paralysis, reflexive bowel

Question 17

autonomic dysreflexia occurs above which spinal cord level?

leads to elevated what?

Answer 17

T5

BP

Question 18

heterotopic ossifications occurs below or above the level of lesion?

Answer 18

below

Question 19

INSPIRATION paralysis occurs with SCI above which level?

decrease in muscles of expiration occurs at what SCI level?

Answer 19

C4

C5-T12 (aspiration pneumonia)

Question 20

SCI leads to risk of what for the following health statuses?
cardiovascular (2)
metabolic? (2)
bowel and bladder (2)
sexually
sleep?

Answer 20

DVT and PE
insulin resistance and osteoporosis
spasticity and voiding difficulties
fertility and pregnancy not interrupted
sleep apnea

Question 21

MRI is useful to detect what during a SCI? (3)

Answer 21

disc herniation
intra or extradural hematoma
syringomyelia

Question 22

Neurophysiology studies help to determine (2)

Answer 22

if neural elements are involved

whether lesion is acute or chronic

Question 23

how to treat a high cervical injury?

what drug to treat spasticity? (2)

Answer 23

place on vent

baclofen (inhibits myelination) or FES bicylcing

Question 24

how to treat pain with SCI? (2)

Answer 24

medication or TENS

Question 25

a Botox injection can lead to what condition?

Answer 25

neurogenic bladder

Question 26

how to treat syngomyelia?

Answer 26

decompressive surgery

Question 27

what is a major cause of mortality in paiteints with a T6 or above injury? (2)
how many months to recover most motor activity?
what type of fractures have the best prognosis?

Answer 27

pneumonia and PE
6 months
compression fractures