Stolove Final - Lab Values

Question 1

What does APACHE measure? (2)

what two things does it predict?

Answer 1

acute and chronic health

death rate and LOS in ICU

Question 2

The Basic Metabolic Panel looks at what 4 parts of the blood?

Answer 2

Electrolytes
LFT
Blood Glucose
Blood cells (platelets)

Question 3

What are the effects on the body is Sodium levels are too high? low?
What if Potassium is too high or low?

Answer 3

edema
dehydration
cardiac arrest

Question 4

what does bicarbonate act as a buffer against?

Answer 4

acidosis

Question 5

how is The test for Glycosylated hemoglobin performed?

Answer 5

measure 100-120 day control of glucose

Question 6

What is an idea blood glucose level?
what are 4 signs of hypoglycemia?
how long can exercise effect patient with DM post exercise?

Answer 6

80-120 mg/dl
HA, Nervous, Shaky, Tacchycardic
12-24 hours

Question 7

Blood Urea Nitrogen (BUN) and creatinine tests evaluate teh function of what?
an increase in Creatinine can mean what? (2)
Increase in BUN means what? decrease?

Answer 7

Renal Function (kidney)
decrease in kidney function (muscle injury)
decreased kidney function
Liver disease

Question 8

Alanine aminotrasnferase (ALT) indicates what?
elevated Alkaline Phosphatase (ALP) indicates what? (2)

Answer 8

liver damage ( HI = hepatitis)
Liver and bladder disease (product of osteoblasts)

Question 9

elevated Aspartate aminotransferase (AST) indicates what? (2)
elevated lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) indicates what?

Answer 9

liver disease and myopathy

osteosarcoma

Question 10

elevated blood amonia (amino acid breakdown) indicates what?

3 signs of elevated levels?

Answer 10

liver damage

numbness, tingling, asterxis

Question 11

What blood test is used to detect anemia?
What precaution should be taken if patient has too low blood count?
what about if its chronic?

Answer 11

HCT hematocrit
decrease their aerobic exercise
Tolerance is better

Question 12

Increased white blood cell count indicates what? Decreased? (3)

Answer 12

infection

leukocytopenia - bone marrow disease, Chemo, at risk of infection patients

Question 13

Patients with decreased platelets (thrombocytopenia) are at risk for what?

Answer 13

excessive blooding (seen with patients with bone marrow disease or on chemo)

Question 14

Patients with elevated PT Prothrobin time, PTT activated partial prothrombin time, or international normalized ratio (INR) are on precaution for what?

Answer 14

falls because of high risk of bleeding

Question 15

What values are increased in a patient with CHF? (2)

which is the good cholesterol?

Answer 15

atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP)
brain natriuretic peptide (BMP)
HDL

Question 16

Which lab value is linked to arterial changes in Alzheimer’s Disease?
how to lower?
this patients are at risk for what?

Answer 16

homocysteine
folic acid and B vitamins
osteoporotic bone fractures

Question 17

C-Reactive Protein (CRP) is an indicator for what?
High levels mean the patient is at risk for what two conditions? (2)
how to lower these levels? (2)

Answer 17

inflammation
MI and CVA (cerebrovascualr accident)
Aerobic exercise and weight reduction

Question 18

Post myocardial infarction what two lab values will be increased? specifically which is increased with unstable angina?
how to treat this patients? (2)

Answer 18

creatine kinase and troponin (unstable angina)

limit activity, monitor 02 stats

Question 19

which Patients cannot use high concentration of 02?

which 02 values are normal for these patients

Answer 19

COPD patients

88-92

Question 20

4 wound care signs to take note of

Answer 20

foul odor,
red streaks,
increased pain,
swelling

Question 21

how do each of these present?
strep infection
staph infection
pseudo (2)

Answer 21

serous exudate
gelatinous exudate
blue green and “fruity” odor

Question 22

the ratio of FEV1/FVC is increased or decreased during obstructive disease (asthma)
this ratio may be norma,, however lung values of all other types may be diminished, during what disease?

Answer 22

decreased
restrictive disease (pulmonary fibrosis)

Question 23

Peak flow meter is used for what patients?

Answer 23

asthmatics

Question 24

CSF obtained via lumbar puncture is examing for which of the following conditions? (4)
what level of spine is puncture taken?

Answer 24

bacterial meningitis
SLE
inflammatory neuropathy
metestatic brain tumor
taken at L3/L4 section

Question 25

synovial fluid is extracted during what procedure?
observes what two things about joints?
how to treat these patients? (3)
inspect for which 3 things?

Answer 25

arthrocentesis
joint effusion and decrease in fluid pressure
ice, pressure dressing, no use for 48-72 hours
pain, fevever, swelling

Question 26

patients with fluid in the pleural space may have lowered what?
may arise due to what 4 conditions?

Answer 26

inhalation capacity

inflammation, infection, neoplasm, altered lymphatic drainage