Stimulus Control Flashcards
What do reinforcers and punishments lack and what can we look at to resolve this?
The whole picture of explaining behaviour
Look at antecedents
What are the different types of antecedents
Covert and Overt, Immediate and Distal
What is stimulus control?
Behaviour is thought to be under stimulus control when there is an increased probability that the behaviour will occur in the presence of a specific antecedent stimulus
What is a discriminative stimulus? (SD)
The antecedent stimulus that is present when a behaviour is reinforced. The stimulus to signals the availability of reinforcers
What is a Stimulus Delta?
Simulus in the presence of a behaviour that is not reinforced
Why is stimulus control important for daily life?
Teaches us what behaviours will work depending on the context/circumstances in which they occur
How was stimulus control used in the army to teach morse code
Recruit would hear a morse code and have to write down the answer
Immediately a voice would give the correct answer and the recruit could check answer = Reinforcer
SD = hearing morse code
SDelta = hearing it but not answer given
How was discrimination training used on two children with autism?
Asked children to point to coins when asked.
Reinforced if correct, not reinforced if incorrect
What are four key points about stimulus control
The person responds to SD promptly every time it is given
You don’t get the behaviour in absence of the SD
You don’t see the behaviour in response to other SDs
You don’t get some other behaviour in response to SD
What can be done if the behaviour doesn’t occur after an SD?
Prompt
What are prompts
Supplementary stimuli given before or during the performance of behaviour, that increases the likelihood of the person performing the correct behaviour at the correct time
What are the types of prompts?
Response and stimulus
What are examples of response prompts?
Verbal prompts, modelling, physical guidance, gestural prompts
What are examples of stimulus prompts
Movement, redundancy, position
What are response prompts?
Provide and addition/supplementary to the SD
What are stimulus prompts?
SD is modified
What else can you change other than the SD to make it more salient
The S delta
What is prompt fading? What does it do?
Starting to remove the prompt so the individual doesn’t rely on it
Allows stimulus control to transfer back to the SD
What are the 3 techniques for fading?
Most-to-Least
Least-to-Most
Time delay
What is Most-to-Least prompt fading? How can it be done?
Decreasing assistance
Can be done by changing the prompt (physical to voice to none) or decreasing the intensity (hand guiding to touching to none)
What is Least-to-Most prompt fading
Only providing assistance when absolutely necessary. If fail to do behaviour then increase prompt
What is Time Delay as a prompt fading technique
Time difference between SD and prompt
Two types; Constant and progressive
