Prosocial Flashcards
What are the 3 roots to prosocial?
Ostrom’s Core Design Principles (CDP) - Improve the efficacy of groups
Evolution and Multi-Level Selection (MLS) - Unifying theoretical framework from evolutionary theory
Contextual Behavioural Science (CBS)
What does CDP help to do?
Improve efficacy of groups
What is MLS?
A unifying framework provided by evolutionary theory
What does CBS do?
Helps individuals and groups move toward valued goals
What kind of approach is prosocial?
Value-focused
What do values do?
Give the individual a direction to go in. Gives life meaning
What has a meaningful connection to social context been considered as?
Central feature to individual well being
one of the 6 core features of positive psychological well-being
What have our facial features adapted to do?
Give joint attention through the whites of our eyes
What is being alone considered as? What have we evolved to do?
An emergency situation
Yearn for meaningful connection and sense of belonging
What are the four main inheritance streams?
Genetic, epigenetic, learning, cultural/symbolic
What do the four inheritance streams do? What takes place within them?
Interact with one another and evolution takes place within and across them
What is genetic inheritance?
Mutations and changes in DNA (Mutation) that support reproduction and survival (selection) are passed onto offspring (retention)
What is epigenetic inheritance?
Epigenetic modifications - expression of different parts of our genes
They get passed down through generations so things that happen during their lifespan can get inherited to offspring
What was skinner the first to in regard to inheritance?
First to understand natural selection was operating across different interacting inheritance streams
What is learning and behavioural inheritance?
Operant learning when behaviour variants are reinforced by the consequences they produce
What is cultural/symbolic inheritance?
One individual copying the behaviour of another. Transgenerational when offspring involved
What is extended evolutionary synthesis?
Adaptive change across multiple inheritance streams
What does EES argue?
The behaviour of an organism can shape the environment and ultimately shape itself = evolutionary change is not fully random but co-directed by the organism itself
Give an example that explains that behaviour leads to mutation
Human migration north lead to change of eye colour and skin colour
Why did cooperation occur? What is this called?
Although not beneficial between individuals, cooperation was beneficial when competing against other groups/tribes
Multilevel selection theory
How did William Muir demonstrate Multilevel Selection Theory?
Separated most productive hens from least productive hens to reproduce and make more productive offspring
Resulted in more aggressive hens and decreased egg production due to bullying each other for food creating aggressive traits
Parallel study looked at productivity at group level and bred them based on this - produced cooperative hens and productivity went up
What is the relationship between selfishness and altruism within and between groups?
Selfishness beats altruism within groups
Altruism beats selfishness between groups
What are the 8 core design principles for cooperation?
- Shared purpose and identity
- Equal distribution of contribution and benefits
- Fair and inclusive decision making
- Monitoring behaviour
- Graduated responding to helpful and unhelpful behaviour
- Fast and fair conflict resolution
- Authority to self-govern
- Collaborative relations with other groups
What questions equate to the 8 core design principles?
Who are we?
What do we do?
What are we going to be with each other?
How will we notice and respond to each other
How will we be with the system around us and other teams?
