Behavioural Science in Education Flashcards
What kind of approach is Positive Behaviour Support?
Positive and preventative
What is Positive Behaviour Support according to Horner
The assessment and reengineering of environments that brings about reductions in problem behaviours and subsequent increase in prosocial behaviours
What is school-wide PBS?
Implemented in >16k mainstream schools
What are the 6 guidelines to SW-PBS
- Uses scientifically based behaviour and academic interventions and support
- Data-based decision making
- Environmental manipulations
- Teach and encourage prosocial skills and behaviours
- Implement evidence-based practice with a high degree of fidelity
- Monitor student performance and progress continuously
What kind of environment does SW-PBS create?
Less reactive, aversive, dangerous and exclusionary
More engaging, responsive, preventative and productive
What does SW-PBS improve in schools?
- Classroom engagement and disceplenary issues
- Supports children with additional learning
- Academic engagement and achievement
- Staff satisfaction, self-efficacy and retention
What is the primary tier of the SW-PBS model?
Universal support based on behavioural science that can be implemented on all children and relevant to every staff member
- School-wide expectations; allow all teachers to celebrate progress of students
- Consistent, positive culture; teachers implement the same rules/strategies across the school
- Clear understanding of consequences of behaviour
What is the second tier of the SW-PBS?
Small group-focused work for individuals wtih at-risk behaviours
What is a technique used for those in the second tier of the SW-PBS?
Check-in/Check-out method; Set out a checklist of behavioural expectations for the day then give a checklist for the teacher to sign off or not. Teacher then gives appropriate reinforcing action
What is the third tier of the SW-PBS?
Specialised, individualised systems for individuals with high-risk behaviours.
Perform functional analysis to see functions of risky behaviour and perform proactive and consequence functions based on that
what is the main difference between the SW-PBS 3-tier model and other similar models?
It has behavioural science underpinnings
What are the 3 main features of primary prevention (teir 1) approach
- Teacher Matrix; consistent rules applied to all staff members
- Acknowledge behaviour; token/coins awarded to pupils frequently to recognise and reward positive behaviours, increase positive statements
- Consistent consequences; A clear warning system and reflection activities after any negative behaviour
What is the evidence for SW-PBS?
- At least 9 RCTs
- Shown to be effective in middle-school setting
- Long term benefits include reduced problems with addiction and crime
What is the token economy system?
Used to motivate students by making students earn tokens (e.g stickers) that can later be exchanged for a main reinforcer
What are the 3 steps for the token economy system?
- Specify target behaviour
- Tokens such as stickers rewarded upon behaviour = conditioned reinforcers (not inherently reinforcing but trained to be)
- Stickers are traded for a back-up reinforcer
When and how was token economy first used?
1960s - on chronically ill psychiatric patients
What is the Good Behaviour Game?
Similar to token economy but used in groups
played in short bursts
A class is divided into teams and whole group gets rewarded based on each individual’s behaviours