Establishing New Behaviour Flashcards
What four factors make behaviour complex
Ambiguous antecedents
Behave different to the same discriminative stimulus (SD) depending on context
Sequencing behaviour
Variability in responding
What is sequencing behaviour
Series of other behaviours have to happen in a particular sequence in order to lead them to the ‘main’ behaviour
What is variability in responding?
Respond variably in a way that works depending on the social group or context
What is shaping?
Used to develop a behaviour that a person doesn’t currently exhibit
How would a practitioner use shaping?
differentially reinforces successive approximations toward a target behaviour until the person exhibits it
What are successive approximations?
Starting from somewhere and reinforcing incremental steps towards a target behaviour until the target behaviour is reached
What are the four dimensions of the target behaviour when used for shaping
Topography - form of behaviour
Frequency - Number of responses per unit of time
Latency - time between onset of antecedents and occurrence of behaviour
Duration - total time elapsed for occurrence of behaviour
How was shaping used in children who kept using aggressive responses?
Looked at what triggered the child e.g not getting their way or something taken from them
Got the child to communicate with adults around them to stay away so not to engage in aggressive behaviour
Response gradually got more complex = successive approximations
The increased length of the sentence meant it took them longer to say and not immediately react on aggression = latency
What is chaining
A multiple component response
Each step in the chain depends on the previous step having occurred correctly and serves as an SD for the next step
What is task analysis
Breaking down a complex skill into smaller, individual stimulus-response components
Why should we do a task analysis?
Clearly identify each component
Tells us how many steps are involved and what needs to happen to set off this chain
Know true extent of the behaviour
What is forward chaining?
Start from the first step of the chain and progress from there
Prompting starts from first step and until all steps done to mastery the rest of the chain is fully prompted
What is backward chaining
Start with the last step of the chain
How was chaining applied to olympic weightlifting?
Teaching the ‘clean’ and ‘snatch’ responses
Which type of chaining appeared to be the most effective in training the ‘clean’ and ‘snatch’ responses
Forward chaining
