Background and Key Terms Flashcards
How did Watson advance psychology and begin the world of Behaviourism
Made it more scientific as previously psychoanalysis was too subjective
What arguments did Watson make in his article
- Only use objective data
- Need to be explicit about goals, should be concerned about prediction and influence on top of explaining people’s behaviour
- Animal research is fine
What did Watson believe about environment as an influencer, what did it pave way to?
It was the main influencer instead of nature, gave way to intervention
What was Watson’s academic work inspired by?
association-based concepts using experimental methods such as Pavlov
What is the issue with the cognitive approach according to Watson?
Internal structures cannot be changed or influence and that change cannot necessarily be measured
What is the issue with classical conditioning according to Skinner
Argued that consequences (what happens right after) can increase or reduce the repeatability of behaviours. He thought it was an incomplete account of how environment influences human behaviour
Why did skinner use animals in his studies
Gave experimental control and gain useful info on how altering the rate of consequences alters the rate of behaviour
What is the definition of Applied Behavioural Analysis
The attempt to solve behavioural problems by providing antecedents and/or consequences that change behaviour
What are behavioural problems?
behaviour happening too often or too little and doesn’t ascribe to any particular diagnosis
What are the 3 steps of a behavioural assessment
1) Define the target behaviour
2) Identify functional relations b/ween target behaviour and its antecedents and consequences
3) Identify an effective intervention for changing the rate of target behaviour
How do you identify the target behaviour
Interview individual or those close to the individual
Precisely identify target behaviour - mustn’t be brief
What is an antecedent?
What happens before the behaviour
What is a consequence?
What happens after the behaviour
How do we identify the antecedents and consequences
Functional Analysis: testing hypotheses about the functional relation between the antecedents, behaviour and consequences
What is the 4-term contingency
Establishing operation, Antecedents, Consequences, Behaviours
