Stimulants Flashcards
cocaine - MOA
*blocks reuptake of NE, DA, and serotonin at synaptic junction by blocking thier membrane transporters (NET, DAT, and SERT)
*also inhibits voltage-gated Na+ and K+ channels
cocaine - pharmacologic actions
*increases HR, BP
*increases arousal and alertness
*elevation of mood, increased confidence, euphoria
*decreased appetite and sleep requirements
*increased risk of intracranial hemorrhage, ischemic stroke, MI, and seizures
*overdose can lead to hyperthermia, coma, and death
cocaine - medical uses
*local anesthetic and vasoconstrictors (in nasal procedures)
amphetamines - MOA
*interferes with VMAT, leading to reversal of plasma membrane transporters (MORE DA into synapse)
*also blocks re-uptake of NE, DA, and serotonin
amphetamines - pharmacologic actions
note - effects are dose-related (treating ADHD vs. injecting meth)
*increased wakefulness and alertness
*decreased fatigue
*euphoria, excitement
*decreased appetite
*acute intoxication is similar to cocaine
common amphetamine products
*dextroamphetamine
*dextroamphetamine/amphetamine
*lisdexamfetamine
*methamphetamine
ADEs of stimulants used for ADHD
*headache
*dizziness
*reduced appetite
*weight loss and growth suppression
*stomach upset
*irritability/anxiety
*insomnia
amphetamines - medical uses
*ADHD
*narcolepsy
*binge eating disorder
2 common potentially lethal effects of MDMA (ecstasy)
- hyperthermia & dehydration leading to hyponatremia (can be fatal)
- serotonin syndrome
caffeine - MOA
*block adenosine receptor
*inhibit phosphodiesterases (increased cAMP and cGMP)
family = methylxanthine
caffeine - ADEs
*increased HR
*GI upset
*headache
caffeine - uses
*apnea of prematurity
*adjunct to headache meds
*wakefulness
atomexetine - approved uses
ADHD (not as effective as other agents)
modafinil - approved uses
*CNS stimulant used for narcolepsy
methylphenidate - MOA
*blocks reuptake of NE, DA, and serotonin
