Neuro 3 Drugs Flashcards by Kyra Porter | Brainscape

Q

typical antipsychotics - MOA

A

D2 blockade

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Q

typical antipsychotics - drugs in class

A

haloperidol
chlorpromazine (a phenothiazine)

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Q

typical antipsychotics - ADEs

A

extrapyramidal sx
tardive dyskinesia
neuroleptic malignant syndrome
hyperprolactinemia
alpha-1-blockade
QTc prolongation

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Q

treatment for extrapyramidal sx

A

anticholinergic drug

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Q

treatment for tardive dyskinesia

A

VMAT inhibitor

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Q

treatment for neuroleptic malignant sydrome

A

dantrolene

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Q

atypical antipsychotics - MOA

A

5-HT blockade

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Q

atypical antipsychotics - drugs in class

A

clozapine
risperidone
olanzapine
quetiapine
ziprasidone
aripiprazole
paliperidone

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Q

atypical antipsychotics - ADEs

A

*metabolic effects (weight gain, DM, dyslipidemia)
*anticholinergic effects (dry mouth, urinary retention)

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Q

clozapine - ADEs

A

agranulocytosis & myocarditis (requires special permission to prescribe)

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Q

clozapine - drug class, MOA, and uses

A

*atypical antipsychotic
*5-HT blockade
*used for schizophrenia (sometimes bipolar or major depression)

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Q

risperidone - drug class, MOA, and uses

A

*atypical antipsychotic
*5-HT blockade
*used for schizophrenia (sometimes bipolar or major depression)

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Q

olanzapine - drug class, MOA, and uses

A

*atypical antipsychotic
*5-HT blockade
*used for schizophrenia (sometimes bipolar or major depression)

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Q

quetiapine - drug class, MOA, and uses

A

*atypical antipsychotic
*5-HT blockade
*used for schizophrenia (sometimes bipolar or major depression)

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Q

ziprasidone - drug class, MOA, and uses

A

*atypical antipsychotic
*5-HT blockade
*used for schizophrenia (sometimes bipolar or major depression)

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Q

aripiprazole - drug class, MOA, and uses

A

*atypical antipsychotic
*5-HT blockade
*used for schizophrenia (sometimes bipolar or major depression)

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Q

palperidone - drug class, MOA, and uses

A

*atypical antipsychotic
*5-HT blockade
*used for schizophrenia (sometimes bipolar or major depression)

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Q

MOA for a drug used to treat schizophrenia

A

5-HT blockade (atypical antipsychotic)

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Q

benzodiazepines - MOA

A

*bind allosterically to the GABA-A receptor, facilitating the binding of GABA to the receptor; increase the FREQUENCY of the channel being open

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Q

benzos - drugs in class

A

alprazolam
diazepam
lorazepam
clonazepam
midazolam

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Q

benzos - ADEs

A

*sedation
*anterograde amnesia
*dependence

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Q

benzos - uses

A

sedation, sleep, conscious sedation, anesthesia adjuvant, anxiety, muscle relaxation, tx of seizures, alcohol withdrawal, anterograde amnesia

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Q

alprazolam - drug class, MOA, and uses

A

*benzo
*bind allosterically to GABA-A receptor to facilitate GABA
*used for sedation, anxiety, sleep, seizures, alcohol withdrawal, anesthesia adjunct

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Q

diazepam - drug class, MOA, and uses

A

*benzo
*bind allosterically to GABA-A receptor to facilitate GABA
*used for sedation, anxiety, sleep, seizures, alcohol withdrawal, anesthesia adjunct

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Q

lorazepam - drug class, MOA, and uses

A

*benzo
*bind allosterically to GABA-A receptor to facilitate GABA
*used for sedation, anxiety, sleep, seizures, alcohol withdrawal, anesthesia adjunct

Q

clonazepam - drug class, MOA, and uses

A

*benzo
*bind allosterically to GABA-A receptor to facilitate GABA
*used for sedation, anxiety, sleep, seizures, alcohol withdrawal, anesthesia adjunct

Q

midazolam - drug class, MOA, and uses

A

*benzo
*bind allosterically to GABA-A receptor to facilitate GABA
*used for sedation, anxiety, sleep, seizures, alcohol withdrawal, anesthesia adjunct

Q

zolipdem - drug class, MOA, and uses

A

*z-drug
*bind allosterically to GABA-A receptor to facilitate GABA
*used for sleep

Q

GABA-A receptor - MOA

A

opens to allow Cl- to flow intracellularly, causing hyperpolarization (the inhibitory effect)

Q

MOA of drugs used for sedation, sleep, acute anxiety, or alcohol withdrawal

A

bind allosterically to GABA-A receptor to facilitate GABA binding

Q

flumazenil

A

*MOA – reversible benzo-receptor antagonist (reverses the effects of benzos on z-drugs)
*Uses – tx overdose; reverse benzo used in surgery or procedure
*ADEs – agitation, confusion, dizziness

Q

barbiturates - MOA

A

bind allosterically to the GABA-A receptor, facilitating the binding of GABA to the receptor; increase the duration of the channel being open

Q

barbiturates - things to think of

A

*sedation
*seizures (peds)
*enzyme-induction
*GABA

Q

SSRIs - MOA

A

block SERT (serotonin transporter) to inhibit the reuptake of serotonin and increase the amount of 5-HT in the synapse

Q

SSRIs - drugs in class

A

sertraline
citalopram
escitalopram
fluoxetine
paroxetine

Q

SSRIs - ADEs

A

*sexual dysfunction
*drowsiness/insomnia
*weight gain
*serotonin syndrome

Q

SSRIs - uses

A

*depression
*anxiety disorders
*OCD
*PTSD
*bulimia

Q

sertraline - drug class, MOA, and uses

A

*SSRI
*inhibit 5-HT reuptake (SERT)
*used for depression, anxiety disorders, OCD, PTSD, and bulimia

Q

citalopram - drug class, MOA, and uses

A

*SSRI
*inhibit 5-HT reuptake (SERT)
*used for depression, anxiety disorders, OCD, PTSD, and bulimia

Q

escitalopram - drug class, MOA, and uses

A

*SSRI
*inhibit 5-HT reuptake (SERT)
*used for depression, anxiety disorders, OCD, PTSD, and bulimia

Q

fluoxetine - drug class, MOA, and uses

A

*SSRI
*inhibit 5-HT reuptake (SERT)
*used for depression, anxiety disorders, OCD, PTSD, and bulimia

Q

paroxetine - drug class, MOA, and uses

A

*SSRI
*inhibit 5-HT reuptake (SERT)
*used for depression, anxiety disorders, OCD, PTSD, and bulimia

Q

SNRIs - overview

A

*drugs in class: duloxetine & venlafaxine
*MOA - inhibit 5-HT and NE reuptake (SERT & NET)
*uses: depression, anxiety, fibromyalgia, chronic pain, neuropathy
*ADEs - SSRI ADEs + hypertension & tachycardia

Q

amitriptyline - overview

A

*tricyclic antidepressant
*MOA - inhibit 5-HT and NE reuptake (SERT & NET)
*used for resistant depression and other things
*lots of ADEs

Q

trazodone

A

*antidepressant “serotonin modulator”
*ADE = priapism

Q

bupropion

A

*antidepressant
*MOA = inhibits NET and DAT (no effect on 5-HT)
*used for depression/smoking cessation
*little sexual dysfunction
*lowers seizure threshold

Q

cocaine - MOA

A

*blocks reuptake of NE, DA, and serotonin
*inhibits voltage-gated Na+ channels and cardiac K+ channels

Q

cocaine - effects

A

*Increased HR & BP
*Increased arousal and alertness
*Elevation of mood, increased confidence, euphoria
*Decreased appetite and sleep requirements
*Increased risk of intracranial hemorrhage, ischemia stroke, MI, and seizures

Q

amphetamines - MOA

A

**interferes with VMAT, causing release of MORE DA in synapse
*block reuptake of NE, DA, and serotonin

Q

amphetamines - effects

A

*Increased wakefulness and alertness
*Decreased fatigue
*Euphoria
*Excitement
*Decreased appetite

Q

amphetamines - uses

A

*ADHD
*narcolepsy
*binge eating disorder

Q

MOA of drug used to treat ADHD

A

**interferes with VMAT, causing release of MORE DA in synapse
*block reuptake of NE, DA, and serotonin

Q

methylphenidate - overview

A

*MOA - blocks reuptake of NE, DA, and serotonin
*uses - ADHD

Q

caffeine - MOA

A

blocks adenosine receptor and inhibits phosphodiesterases

Q

opioids - MOA

A

mu-receptor agonists

Q

MOA of drugs used to treat pain

A

mu-receptor agonists (opioids)

Q

opioids - effects

A

*Analgesia
*Euphoria
*Sedation
*Respiratory depression
*Miosis (pinprick pupils)
*Cough suppression
*Constipation

Q

mixed opioid agonists

A

nalbuphine
butorphanol

Q

buprenorphine

A

*mixed opioid partial agonist/antagonist

Q

opioid antagonists

A

*block mu-receptor
1. naloxone
2. naltrexone

Q

ADEs of drug used for bipolar

A

lithium ADEs:
*tremor
*low thyroid
*Ebstein’s anomaly (in fetus)

Q

methadone

A

*opioid
*used for opioid maintenance/withdrawal