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STI Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

The below are what type of STD?

Syphillis
Herpes
Chancroid

A

Ulcerative

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2
Q

The below are what type of STD?

Gonorrhea
Trichomoniasis
Chlamydia

A

non-ulcerative

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3
Q

This is a genus of:

  • person-person transmission
  • normal mucosal flora
  • has species w/ non-STIs like Yaws, Pinta, Bejel
A

Treponema

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4
Q

Syphilis is caused by…

A

Treponema pallidum

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5
Q

This is a:

G- intracellular spirochete w/ slow rotational motility

A

Syphilis

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6
Q

What type of culture will treponema pallidum grow?]

What is used as an animal model?

A

primary cell cx

rabbit = animal model

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7
Q

Lesions in syphilis/treponema pallidum are due to…

A

inflammatory response

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8
Q

Which virulence factor on treponema is anti-phagocytic?

A

fibronectin coat

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9
Q

What treponema virulence factor may facilitate perivascular infiltration?

A

hyaluronidase

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10
Q

How is syphilis acquired?

A

direct sexual contact with active primary/secondary lesion

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11
Q

What stage of syphilis?

  • indurated swelling leads to chancre
  • untreated heal in 3-8 weeks with fibrosis
A

primary syphilis

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12
Q

how does treponema pallidum enter in primary syphilis?

A

subepithelial entry via skin breaks or paracellular

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13
Q

Where does treponema pallidum disseminate to after local multiplication?

A

lymph nodes, blood

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14
Q

you see a lesion with scanty serous, grayish/hemorrhagic crust… what is this indicative of?

A

syphilis chancre

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15
Q

After primary syphilis, how long is dormancy?

A

2-10 weeks

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16
Q

What stage of syphilis is described by…

maculopapular rash

condylomata lata (1/3 or patients)

A

secondary syphilis

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17
Q

Late syphilis latency occurs if there is absence of S/S for how long?

A

> 1 year

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18
Q

Seropositivity without syphilis occurs in what fraction of patients?

A

1/3

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19
Q

Spontaneous syphilis cure occurs in what fraction of patients?

A

1/3

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20
Q

Tertiary syphilis develops in what fraction of patients?

A

1/3

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21
Q

What type of syphilis?

focal neuro changes, cortical degeneration (neurosyphilis)

CV changes/ascending aortic aneurysm (CV syphilis)

Granulomata in skin, bones, joints (late/benign syphilis)

A

Tertiary

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22
Q

the following are signs and sxs of…

maculopapular cutaneous lesions

nasal obstruction w/ mucoid discharge

osteitis of nasal bones

A

congenital syphilis

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23
Q

What is hutchinson’s triad of congenital syphilis?

A

notched incisors, interstitial keratitis, CNVIII deafness

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24
Q

Every genital lesion should be considered ______ until proven otherwise

A

syphilitic

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25
Q

What type of microscopy is used to visualize syphillis?

A

darkfield

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26
Q

What tests are used to dx syphillis?

A

non-treponemal tests: screening

treponemal tests: confirmatory

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27
Q

What pathogen causes gonorrhea?

A

neisseria gonorrhoeae

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28
Q

What pathogen?

G- kidney-shaped diplococcus

A

neisseria gonorrhoeae

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29
Q

Plasmid/chromosome components make neisseria gonorrhoeae resistant to…

A

PCN, tetracyclines, spectinomycin, FLQ

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30
Q

Describe the growth requirements for gonorrhea?

A

fastidious

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31
Q

the following are virulence factors of…

•
Antigenic variation of pili
•
Nonpiliated phase variants
•
Porin protein and other proteins aid in
attachment
•
IgA protease
•
Plasmid and chromosome
A

Neisseria gonorrhoeae

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32
Q

What are four reasons for increased gonorrhea infx?

A

changed sexual practice
ineffective asx ID
resistant strains
public knowledge

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33
Q

What is the major reservoir for gonorrhea?

A

asx patients

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34
Q

Is nonsexual transmission of gonorrhea common?

A

extremely rare

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35
Q

How does n. gonorrhoeae attach to epithelium?

A

pili and surface proteins

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36
Q

What is altered by n. gonorrhoeae in response to the host environment?

A

antigenic variation of pili/surface proteins

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37
Q

What causes injury to host cells in gonorrhea infx?

A

Lipooligosaccharide and peptidoglycan

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38
Q

Where does gonorrhea manifest in males and with what characteristic sign?

A

anterior
urethra with thick
mucopurulent discharge

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39
Q

describe the colonization of gonorrhea in women…

A

endocervix
accompanied by urethral
colonization

40
Q

N. gonorrhoeae can enter the body via…

A

(mucosal surfaces)

Eyes, mouth, urethra,
vagina, rectum

41
Q

What are two complications from gonorrhea?

A

local effects

acute salpingitis/PID

42
Q

What complication of gonorrhea?

pain, abnormal menses

ectopic pregnancy, infertility due to tube scarring

A

acute salpingitis/PID

43
Q

Fever rash/arthritis dermatitis syndrome, endocarditis, meningitis describe which complication of conorrhea?

A

disseminated gonococcal infx

44
Q

MC sign in disseminated gonococcal infx?

A

purulent arthritis

45
Q

Gold standard for dx of gonorrhea…

A

PCR/nucleic acid amplification

46
Q

What percent of gonococcal infx yield G- results?

A

60%

47
Q

trachoma, conjunctivitis, lymphogranuloma venereum and non-gonococcal urethritis are caused by…

A

chlamydia trachomatis

48
Q

The below are morphologic features of:

Obligate intracellular G- bacteria

requires host-derived ATP

A

Chlamydia trachomatis

49
Q

What is the infx form of c. trachomatis, and what is the intracellular form?

A

infx: elementary body
intracellular: reticulate body

50
Q

c. trachomatis commonly affects which patient population?

A

teenagers

51
Q

The following s/s are characteristic of….

urethritis (often asymptomatic) and
epididymitis in males
•
Watery discharge
•
cervicitis, salpingitis , and PID in
women
•
lymphogranuloma venereum
A

chlamydia trachomatis

52
Q

Some strains of c. trachomatis have a gene that encodes for what type of toxin?

A

similar to toxin B of c. diff

53
Q

what causes mucosal separation in chlamydial infx?

A

protein scaffold collapse

54
Q

What is gold standard for dx of c. trachomatis?

A

cell cx

55
Q

what non-cx test is available for dx of c. trachomatis?

A

nucleic acid amplification test

56
Q

Which pathogen has the following characteristics?

Main reservoir is genital tract of sexually active persons

Colonization is present in >80% of persons who have
had 3 or more sex partners

A

ureaplasma urealyticum

57
Q

This pathogen:

Responsible for ~50% of
nongonococcal ,
nonchlamydial urethritis in men

Cause of
chorioamnionitis and postpartum fever in
women

A

ureaplasma urealyticum

58
Q

What two mycoplasmas cause NGU?

A

mycoplasma genitalium

ureaplasma urealyticum

59
Q

Which mycoplasma causes pyelonephritis and PID?

A

mycoplasma hominis

60
Q

Three categories of vaginitis?

A

trichomoniasis
bacterial vaginosis
yeast

61
Q

which trichomonas is commensal in mouth?

A

t. tenax

62
Q

Which trichomonas is commensal in intestine?

A

t. hominis

63
Q

Which trichomonas is cause of STD?

A

t. vaginalis

64
Q

This pathogen has the following features:

  • extracellular anaerobe
  • flagellated protozoan
  • exists as trophozoite
A

t. vaginalis

65
Q

Which pathogen has the following epidemiological characteristics?

Etiologic agent has a cosmopolitan
distribution

Is transmitted by sexual intercourse

Is a very common STD

A

t. vaginalis

66
Q

t. vaginalis parasite establishes after sexual intercourse where?

A

mucosa

67
Q

Male or female trichomonas?

Is usually asymptomatic
•
Scanty, clear to mucopurulent
discharge

A

male

68
Q

Male or female trichomonas?

Is usually symptomatic
•
Profuse vaginal discharge: frothy and
malodorous
•
A

female

69
Q

_______ Creates an environment for bacterial vaginosis

A

trichomoniasis

70
Q

What DNA probe is available for dx of trichomoniasis?

A

affirm VP III

71
Q

What is the most sensitive diagnostic for trichomoniasis?

A

Cx

72
Q

What is the most common diagnostic for trichomoniasis?

A

wet mount

73
Q

What condition has the following characteristics?

NOT AN STI
•
Caused by an overgrowth of opportunistic pathogen in vagina due
to change in pH

A

bacterial vaginosis

74
Q

The below hx is suggestive of…

History of previous STDs
•
History of sexual activity
•
Current use of intrauterine devices
•
History of previous pregnancy or abortion
•
A

bacterial vaginosis

75
Q

the below labs are suggestive of…

pH: 5.0-6.0
+ Clue Cells

< 1 lactobacilli

A

Vaginosis

76
Q

Vaginosis presents similarly to…

A

trichomoniasis

77
Q

The below are common causes of…

Absence of competing normal flora
•
Introduction to abnormal site
•
Pathologic change in microenvironment
•
Inborn or acquired immune defect
•
Use of broad spectrum antibiotics
A

candidiasis

78
Q

80-90% of vulvocandidiasis are caused by…

A

c. albicans

79
Q

Can vulvocandidiasis be an STI

A

yes

80
Q

The below presentation is suggestive of:

Thick, white,
frothy
discharge in women

Itching, irritation

Burning sensation during
intercourse or urination

Vaginal pain and soreness

A

vulvocandidiasis

81
Q

The discharge of candidiasis is different from vaginosis in what way?

A

no

odor

82
Q

Which haemophilus species can cause chancroid?

A

H. ducreyi

83
Q

Non-motile, G- coccobacillus that causes chancroid?

A

H. Ducreyi

84
Q

The below are indicative of…

Typical lesion is a tender papule on the genitalia that
develops into a tender ulcer w/ sharp margins
•
Presence of a soft chancre
•
Regional adenopathy and bubo development

A

chancroid

85
Q

chancroid is more common in what regoins?

A

tropical

86
Q

What population of chancroid patients may be asymptomatic or have nondescript
lesion

A

Females

87
Q

Chancroid or chancre sore?

soft ragged edge

pus

A

chancroid

88
Q

the below presentation is indicative of…

Vesicle or papule (usually
solitary) that quickly progresses
to pustulation and ulceration
•
Progressive enlargement w/
autoinoculation and development
of multiple ulcers
•
Ulcer is painful and tender,
bleeds readily, and lacks
induration
A

chancroid

89
Q

Direct examination for H. ducreyi can be

misleading due to presence of

A

polymicrobial flora in ulcer

90
Q

Diagnosis requires identification of Haemophilus ducreyi from the…

A

genital ulcer or swollen lymph node

91
Q

Is PCR available for chancroid?

A

yes

92
Q

to grow h. ducreyi what must be present on media?

A

growth supplements

93
Q

The below can cause…

Escherichia coli
Enterobacter
Enterococcus faecalis
Bacteroides
Peptostreptococcus
A

PID

94
Q

What condition?

results when microorganisms ascend to the endometrium,
fallopian tubes, and contiguous pelvic structures producing

A

PID

95
Q

The three below factors commonly cause…

•
the subject is a sexually active adolescent
•
there are multiple sexual partners
•
there is frequent douching
A

PID

96
Q

The below presentation is suggestive of…

•
Lower abdominal pain
•
Abnormal vaginal discharge
•
Painful intercourse
•
Increased pain during menstruation
•
Irregular menstruation
•
Fever and chills
•
Scarring
A

PID

97
Q

What clinical signs/labs can help ID PID?

A

fever, leukocytosis, or

elevated ESR

Microbiology (13 decks)

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