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Microbiology > CNS Infx: Parasites, Botulism, Tetanus > Flashcards

CNS Infx: Parasites, Botulism, Tetanus Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

What two clostridium spp release neurotoxins?

A

tetani, botulinum

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2
Q

Clostridium species are ______ anaerobes

A

obligate anaerobes

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3
Q

The important clostridium species are Gram_______ with what morphology?

A

G+ Bacilli

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4
Q

What confers resistance in the environment for clostridium species?

A

spore formation

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5
Q

Production of ______ are important for disease progression with clostridium infx.

A

exotoxins

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6
Q

This is a G+ Bacillus w. terminal spores and a tennis-racket appearance…

A

Tetanus

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7
Q

What mediates toxin production of clostridium tetani?

A

plasmid mediated

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8
Q

What allows the entry of tetanus spores into the body?

A

trauma

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9
Q

Describe the spread of c. tetani after infx manifests

A

localized at site (no bacteremia)

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10
Q

If infx remains local with tetani, how does it cause systemic sxs?

A

production and release of tetanospasmin via neuron transmission

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11
Q

what are the three clinical forms of tetanus?

A

generalized, localized, cephalic

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12
Q

Which type of clinical tetanus?

  • uncommon
  • muscle spasm confined to injured area
  • immunocompromised
A

localized

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13
Q

Which type of clinical tetanus?

  • lesions on head/face/ear infx
  • only affects facial muscles
  • rarest
A

cephalic

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14
Q

Which type of clinical tetanus?

  • MC
  • exposure via broken skin
  • infant infx via umbilical stump
A

generalized

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15
Q

What are three physical signs of tetanus?

A

trismus (lockjaw)
risus sardonicus (grimace)
arching of back

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16
Q

What serious manifestations can cause death with tetanus infection?

A

respiratory and cardiac complications

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17
Q

Isolation of c. tetani is often (Pos or neg) for what reason?

A

negative (requires anaerobic culture)

18
Q

What is more reliable for diagnosing tetanus than laboratory methods?

A

clinical findings

19
Q

DTaP and Td has decreased tetanus in the US. It works by neutralizing…

A

tetanus toxin (tetanospasmin)

20
Q

Tetanus booster is recommended q…

A

10 yers

21
Q

4 doses of DTaP are given beginning at what age?

A

6 weeks

22
Q

what must be included with abx when treating tetanus?

A

antitoxin (human tetanus immune globulin)

23
Q

What pathogen has the following characteristics?

  • subterminal spores
  • distended shape
  • heat resistant
A

C. botulinum

24
Q

What is the MC cause of botulism?

A

contaminated food

25
Q

What are the 8 serologically distinct botulinum toxins?

A

A-H, X

26
Q

Which botulinum toxins are involved in human disease and used for medical/commercial use as botox?

A

A,B

27
Q

Which botulinum toxins are less common causes of human disease?

A

E, F

28
Q

Which botulinum toxins cause animal disease?

A

CDG

29
Q

Botulinum neurotoxin is different from tetanus in that the toxin producing gene is found where? what does this mean?

A

on the chromosome, not plasmid

all C. botulinum will have toxin producing ability

30
Q

What clinical manifestation of botulism infection is different from tetanus?

A

flaccid paralysis via blocked ACh release

31
Q

This type of botulinum toxin lacks an anti-toxin and is considered the most deadly substance ever found…

A

Type H

32
Q

What are the three clinical types of botulism infection?

A

infant, foodborne, wound

33
Q

Ingestion of spores can cause infant botulism for those < 6mo. What is a common mechanism for this?

A

honey ingestion

34
Q

What type of wounds can allow c. botulinum?

A

deep wounds to anaerobic environment, IVDU

35
Q

Does botulism infection cause fever?

A

no

36
Q

What type of botulism results in neuroparalytic illness after entry by bacteria into tissue

A

wound botulism

37
Q

What type of botulism results from toxin ingestion in substances that contain the bacteria, resulting in GI disturbance and eventual neuroparalysis

A

food poisoning

38
Q

This type of botulism results from germination of spores and bacteria and release of neurotoxin to cause systemic effects.

A

infant botulism

39
Q

what is a probable cause of SIDS?

A

infant botulism

40
Q

Confirmation of botulism is related to_____

A

toxin presence in fecal samples

41
Q

Are abx recommended for botulism tx?

A

no

Microbiology (13 decks)

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