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Microbiology > Respiratory Tract Infections: RSV, PIV > Flashcards

Respiratory Tract Infections: RSV, PIV Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Viruses are known as obligate intracellular parasites. What does this mean for their physiologic function?

A

uses host for all metabolic/reproductive activity

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2
Q

A virus is a “filterable agent”. what does this mean?

A

able to pass thru fine pore filters

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3
Q

A main difference between viruses and other organisms is their replication pattern. Do viruses undergo binary fission?

A

No

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4
Q

How would you describe the growth pattern of viruses?

A

one-step growth curve

progeny created in assembly line fashion

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5
Q

Describe “uncoating”

A

viruses shed protein coat and release virus enzymes into host cell

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6
Q

What occurs after uncoating?

A

genome replication/transcription

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7
Q

After genome replication, what happens in the viral replication cycle?

A

assembly of viruses

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8
Q

After assembly, viruses do what?

A

mature within the cell and/or golgi unwrapping, then eventual release/lysis of host cell

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9
Q

What is the central goal of all viruses?

A

rapidly replicate new virions at expense of host cell

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10
Q

A lytic virus-host interaction is one that ends in what?

A

death of the host cell

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11
Q

viruses that establish quiescent interaction with the host cell and remain silent are known as…

A

non-lytic virus host interactions

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12
Q

when the virus is dormant within the cell, it is known as…

A

prophage, provirus

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13
Q

What is it called when a virus provides virulence factors, such as toxins, to a bacterial host?

A

lysogenic conversion

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14
Q

What are the three basic types of persistent viral infection?

A

latent infection

chronic infection (HBV)

transforming infections (SV40)

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15
Q

Intermittent acute episodes of clinically evident virus production alternating with almost total absence of virus… this is known as what type of infection?

A

latent infection

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16
Q

What is an example of a latent infection?

A

HSV

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17
Q

What type of infection occurs when there is sustained nonlytic production of virus, contained presence of substantial virus particles despite periods in which clinical disease is absent…

A

chronic infection

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18
Q

what is an example of a chronic viral infection?

A

HBV

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19
Q

what is the preferred reservoir for chronic viral infection?

A

chronically ill, immunocompromised patients

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20
Q

An infection in which host cells are “immortalized” and altered to become cancer cells is known as…

A

transforming infections

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21
Q

what is an example of a transforming infection?

A

HPV

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22
Q

What two factors make viral infections so hard to manage?

A
  1. use of host cell makes development of non-toxic drugs difficult
  2. viruses can outrun/evade immune system
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23
Q

Avoidance is the key control strategy for viruses. What three factors make avoidance possible?

A

immunization

quarantine

public health to break chain of transmission

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24
Q

What is the most common cause of croup?

A

PIV 1 and 2

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25
Q

This condition presents as:

fever
hoarseness
barking cough

age 6-18 mo

A

croup

26
Q

What is the etiology of croup?

A

URI complication causing tracheal constriction below vocal cords

27
Q

what type of virus is PIV?

A

paramyxovirus

28
Q

does PIV have a segmented or nonsegmented genome?

A

nonsegmented genome

29
Q

Is PIV enveloped or nonenveloped?

A

enveloped

30
Q

Where are hemagglutinin and neuraminidase found on the PIV molecule?

A

same peplomer molecule (spike)

31
Q

What is responsible for the formation of syncytia of PIV infected cells?

A

a novel fusion protein

32
Q

A patient presents with harsh cough, rhinitis, sore throat and SOB. What agent might you consider?

A

PIV

33
Q

Where does replication of PIV occur?

A

nasal turbinates and ciliated epithelium of respiratory tract

34
Q

How long is PIV’s inclubation period?

A

2-6 days

35
Q

Who is at risk for lower airway invasion by PIV?

A

infants and young children

closed populations/military recruits

36
Q

What is a pathognomonic sign on X-Ray for croup?

A

steeple sign

37
Q

What complications are possible after croup?

A

AOM, parotitis

38
Q

PIV-1 and PIV-2 show seasonality. Which seasons display the greatest incidence of infection?

A

fall-winter

39
Q

Is life-long immunity observed with PIV infection?

A

no

40
Q

Who are the reservoirs for infants infected with PIV?

A

adult caregivers with minor colds

41
Q

What two tests are diagnostic for croup?

A

direct viral isolation form throat swab

direct FAB test

42
Q

How is PIV treated?

A

supportive tx

43
Q

is there a vaccine for PIV?

A

no

44
Q

RSV stands for…

A

respiratory syncytical virus

45
Q

When are outbreaks of RSV in infants likely?

A

annually in winter

46
Q

An infant pt. presents with the following sxs. PIV testing is negative. What is the likely agent?

Cough
SOB
Dyspnea
Cyanosis
Croup
anxiety/panic
A

RSV

47
Q

What causes the symptoms of RSV?

A

IgE and T Cell response

48
Q

viral infection with RSV occurs in what parts of the body?

A

epithelium of nose, throat and bronchi

49
Q

What 3 diagnostics are available for RSV?

A

Rapid antigen test

nucleic acid test

serology

50
Q

If testing for RSV with serology, what indicates a significant finding?

A

4-fold rise

51
Q

If you suspect an infant has RSV due to clinical manifestations, what test should you administer?

A

rapid antigen testing

52
Q

What two treatments are available for RSV infection?

A

palivizumab and ribavirin

53
Q

Which patient population can be treated with palivizumab?

A

high-risk

54
Q

What is the most common etiology of lower respiratory tract infection in children under 4 yo?

A

RSV

55
Q

Peak incidence of RSV is in which patients?

A

infants under 1 year old

56
Q

birth ______ months before RSV season confers high risk…

A

3-4 months

57
Q

Is SARS still active?

A

presumed extinct

58
Q

What type of infection is SARS?

A

novel coronavirus

59
Q

How was SARS spread?

A

fecal-oral route

60
Q

What are the reservoirs for SARS and MERS?

A

zoonotic

61
Q

What systems do coronaviruses target?

A

GI and respiratory

62
Q

What three reasons make respiratory tract infection so common?

A
  1. respiratory infections are often viral
  2. disease is acute, so infection of others ocurrs before sxs develop
  3. transmission from healthy carriers

Microbiology (13 decks)

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