Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Microbiology > Respiratory Tract Infections: RSV, PIV > Flashcards

Respiratory Tract Infections: RSV, PIV Flashcards

1
Q

Viruses are known as obligate intracellular parasites. What does this mean for their physiologic function?

A

uses host for all metabolic/reproductive activity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

A virus is a “filterable agent”. what does this mean?

A

able to pass thru fine pore filters

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

A main difference between viruses and other organisms is their replication pattern. Do viruses undergo binary fission?

A

No

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

How would you describe the growth pattern of viruses?

A

one-step growth curve

progeny created in assembly line fashion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Describe “uncoating”

A

viruses shed protein coat and release virus enzymes into host cell

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What occurs after uncoating?

A

genome replication/transcription

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

After genome replication, what happens in the viral replication cycle?

A

assembly of viruses

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

After assembly, viruses do what?

A

mature within the cell and/or golgi unwrapping, then eventual release/lysis of host cell

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What is the central goal of all viruses?

A

rapidly replicate new virions at expense of host cell

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

A lytic virus-host interaction is one that ends in what?

A

death of the host cell

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

viruses that establish quiescent interaction with the host cell and remain silent are known as…

A

non-lytic virus host interactions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

when the virus is dormant within the cell, it is known as…

A

prophage, provirus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What is it called when a virus provides virulence factors, such as toxins, to a bacterial host?

A

lysogenic conversion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What are the three basic types of persistent viral infection?

A

latent infection

chronic infection (HBV)

transforming infections (SV40)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Intermittent acute episodes of clinically evident virus production alternating with almost total absence of virus… this is known as what type of infection?

A

latent infection

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What is an example of a latent infection?

A

HSV

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What type of infection occurs when there is sustained nonlytic production of virus, contained presence of substantial virus particles despite periods in which clinical disease is absent…

A

chronic infection

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

what is an example of a chronic viral infection?

A

HBV

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

what is the preferred reservoir for chronic viral infection?

A

chronically ill, immunocompromised patients

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

An infection in which host cells are “immortalized” and altered to become cancer cells is known as…

A

transforming infections

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

what is an example of a transforming infection?

A

HPV

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What two factors make viral infections so hard to manage?

A
  1. use of host cell makes development of non-toxic drugs difficult
  2. viruses can outrun/evade immune system
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Avoidance is the key control strategy for viruses. What three factors make avoidance possible?

A

immunization

quarantine

public health to break chain of transmission

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

What is the most common cause of croup?

A

PIV 1 and 2

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
This condition presents as: fever hoarseness barking cough age 6-18 mo
croup
26
What is the etiology of croup?
URI complication causing tracheal constriction below vocal cords
27
what type of virus is PIV?
paramyxovirus
28
does PIV have a segmented or nonsegmented genome?
nonsegmented genome
29
Is PIV enveloped or nonenveloped?
enveloped
30
Where are hemagglutinin and neuraminidase found on the PIV molecule?
same peplomer molecule (spike)
31
What is responsible for the formation of syncytia of PIV infected cells?
a novel fusion protein
32
A patient presents with harsh cough, rhinitis, sore throat and SOB. What agent might you consider?
PIV
33
Where does replication of PIV occur?
nasal turbinates and ciliated epithelium of respiratory tract
34
How long is PIV's inclubation period?
2-6 days
35
Who is at risk for lower airway invasion by PIV?
infants and young children closed populations/military recruits
36
What is a pathognomonic sign on X-Ray for croup?
steeple sign
37
What complications are possible after croup?
AOM, parotitis
38
PIV-1 and PIV-2 show seasonality. Which seasons display the greatest incidence of infection?
fall-winter
39
Is life-long immunity observed with PIV infection?
no
40
Who are the reservoirs for infants infected with PIV?
adult caregivers with minor colds
41
What two tests are diagnostic for croup?
direct viral isolation form throat swab direct FAB test
42
How is PIV treated?
supportive tx
43
is there a vaccine for PIV?
no
44
RSV stands for...
respiratory syncytical virus
45
When are outbreaks of RSV in infants likely?
annually in winter
46
An infant pt. presents with the following sxs. PIV testing is negative. What is the likely agent? ``` Cough SOB Dyspnea Cyanosis Croup anxiety/panic ```
RSV
47
What causes the symptoms of RSV?
IgE and T Cell response
48
viral infection with RSV occurs in what parts of the body?
epithelium of nose, throat and bronchi
49
What 3 diagnostics are available for RSV?
Rapid antigen test nucleic acid test serology
50
If testing for RSV with serology, what indicates a significant finding?
4-fold rise
51
If you suspect an infant has RSV due to clinical manifestations, what test should you administer?
rapid antigen testing
52
What two treatments are available for RSV infection?
palivizumab and ribavirin
53
Which patient population can be treated with palivizumab?
high-risk
54
What is the most common etiology of lower respiratory tract infection in children under 4 yo?
RSV
55
Peak incidence of RSV is in which patients?
infants under 1 year old
56
birth ______ months before RSV season confers high risk...
3-4 months
57
Is SARS still active?
presumed extinct
58
What type of infection is SARS?
novel coronavirus
59
How was SARS spread?
fecal-oral route
60
What are the reservoirs for SARS and MERS?
zoonotic
61
What systems do coronaviruses target?
GI and respiratory
62
What three reasons make respiratory tract infection so common?
1. respiratory infections are often viral 2. disease is acute, so infection of others ocurrs before sxs develop 3. transmission from healthy carriers

Microbiology (13 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions