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Microbiology > Otitis, Sinusitis, Diptheria, Pertussis > Flashcards

Otitis, Sinusitis, Diptheria, Pertussis Flashcards

1
Q

Pseudomonas aeruginosa and staphylococcus aureus are two causes of…

A

otitis externa

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2
Q

The below pathogens commonly cause…

Strep. pneumo

moraxella catarrhalis

H. Flu

A

otitis media, sinusitis

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3
Q

What is the common cause of diptheria?

A

corynebacterium diptheriae

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4
Q

what pathogen causes whooping cough?

A

bordatella pertusis

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5
Q

A patient with OE presents with a fever. This suggests what?

A

involvement outside EAC

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6
Q

What are two characteristic signs of OE?

A

otalgia and otorrhea

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7
Q

Which pathogen causing OE is G+ and which is G-?

A

G- pseudomonas

G+ staph aureus

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8
Q

Pseudomonas and staph aureus are examples of ___philes

A

halophiles

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9
Q

what makes pseudomonas protected from the immune system?

A

slime layer/encapsulation

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10
Q

Which pigment produced by pseudomonas is non-fluorescent and bluish?

A

pyocyanin

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11
Q

Which pigment produced by pseudomonas is fluorescent green?

A

pyoverdin

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12
Q

Which pigment produced by pseudomonas is a virulance factor that generates ROS?

A

pyocyanin

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13
Q

Which pigment produced by pseudomonas sequesters iron

A

pyoverdin

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14
Q

This pathogen has the following characteristics…

Clustered G+ cocci
Coagulase positive
B-hemolytic
encapsulated

A

Staph aureus

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15
Q

When exposed to serum, a clot forms at the bottom of the test tube. This indicates that the pathogen is…

A

coagulase positive

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16
Q

White regions develop on a pathogen streaked blood agar. This indicates that the pathogen is…

A

beta hemolytic

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17
Q

What test is helpful in diagnosing OE?

A

gram stain

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18
Q

What are the most common bacterial causes of AOM and ABRS?

A

Strep pneumo

H. Flu

Moraxella catarrhalis

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19
Q

This pathogen has the following characteristics…

common cause of AOM/ABRS

G+ diplococci

a-hemolysis

optochin sensitive

Encapsulated

A

Strep pneumo

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20
Q

A blood agar is streaked with a pathogen. After some time, yellow streaking appears. This indicates…

A

alpha-hemolysis

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21
Q

A pathogen is streaked on a blood agar. Onto the plate, a disc of optochin is placed. The next day, a red ring surrounds the optochin disc indicating pathogen death in that area..

What pathogen is sensitive to optochin?

A

Strep pneumo

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22
Q

This pathogen is a common cause of AOM, ABRS and has the following characteristics…

G- coccobacilli

non-typeable strains

A

H. flu

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23
Q

This pathogen is a common cause of AOM, ABRS and has the following characteristics…

oxidase positive
G- diplococci
B-lactamase producer

A

Moraxella catarrhalis

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24
Q

Describe the shape of corynebacterium diptheriae…

A

pleomorphic, club shaped bacilli with a “palisades” or “V” appearance

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25
A slide is prepared that shows palisades or V shaped bacilli. They are stained green, but at each end a visible purple region is visualized. What are these purple regions at the ends of the bacteria?
volutin granules
26
Describe corynebacterium diptheriae's growth on blood agar
grows aerobically
27
What stimulates the production of diptheria toxin?
low iron concentration
28
Where does the exotoxin in diptheria toxin bind
heparin-binding EGF receptor
29
when the exotoxin of diptheria toxin is endocytosed, what happens to the vesicle?
acidification, releasing A subunit to cytosol
30
Once diptheria toxin's A subunit is in the cytosol, what does it do?
halt protein synthesis via inactivation of EF-2 by ADP ribosylation
31
A patient presents with: sudden onset of malaise exudative pharyngitis low grade fever LAD immunizations not UTD and travel hx What should you suspect?
respiratory diptheria
32
What signs are present in serious cases of respiratory diptheria?
bull neck, thick gray pseudomembrane
33
What can manifest as a result of systemic exotoxin production in diptheria?
myocarditis and demyelination
34
how is diptheria spread?
person-to-person via respiratory droplets or skin contact
35
What two media are used to culture diptheria?
loeffler's medium cysteine-tellurite agar
36
Gram staining of diptheria shows...
club shaped G+ bacilli
37
volutin staining of diptheria shows...
metechromatic volutin granules
38
Loeffler's medium supports diptheria growth and enhances formation of what?
volutin granules
39
cysteine-tellurite agar of diptheria will show...
distinctive black to tellurite reduction
40
isolates from cysteine-tellurite agar should be tested for presence of what?
toxin
41
Isolates from cysteine tellurite agar can be tested by what four tests?
Elek test PCR ELISA Immunochromatographic strip assay
42
This diptheria test: immunidiffusion assay to secretion of exotoxin
Elek test
43
this diptheria test: detects presence of tox gene...
PCR
44
This diptheria test: detects diptheria exotoxin
ELISA
45
this diptheria test: is very sensitive to diptheria exotoxin
immunochromatographic strip assay
46
What are the 4 main components of diptheria tx?
neutralization of exotoxin abx isolation vaccination when recovered
47
This pathogen has the following characteristics... small G- coccobacilli grows aerobically on enriched agar contains adhesins and exotoxins
bordatella pertussis
48
What two adhesins allow bordatella pertussis to attach to ciliated respiratory epithelium?
filamentous hemagglutinin agglutinogens
49
What four exotoxins are present on bordatella pertussis that participate in disease
pertussis toxin adenylate cyclase toxin dermonecrotic toxin tracheal cytotoxin
50
Which pertussis exotoxin is an A-B toxin that causes lymphocytosis by inhibiting secondary messaging pathway responsible for phagocytic killing on monocyte migration...
pertussis toxin
51
which pertussis exotoxin causes decreased chemotaxis?
adenylate cyclase toxin
52
which pertussis exotoxin causes vasoconstriction and ischemic necrosis
dermonecrotic toxin
53
which pertussis toxin kills ciliated respiratory epithelial cells and stimulates IL-1 release
tracheal cytotoxin
54
The adhesins in pertussis have what mechanism of action
attach to ciliated epithelium, and are highly immunogenic
55
What causes the airway compromise in pertussis that can lead to atelectasis, cough, cyanosis and pneumonia?
neutrophil response to damaged cilia by TCT and LPS leading to mucus hypersecreiton
56
Which stage of pertussis has the following characteristics: high contagious patients nonspecific upper respiratory sydrome lasts 1-2 weeks
catarrhal
57
the catarrhal stage occurs due to...
inflammation of mucous membranes
58
Which stage of pertussis has the following characteristics: paroxysmal coughing vomiting up to 50 attacks/spasms a day lasts 2-4 weeks complications due to vomiting and increased pressure
paroxysmal stage
59
Which stage of pertussis has the following characteristics: decreased paroxysms gradual recovery over several weeks secondary complications like pneumonia, encephalopathy, seizures and death
convalescent stage
60
what prior condition predisposes a pertussis patient to develop secondary complications like pneumonia?
immunosuppression
61
What test can give a presumptive Dx of pertussis?
ELISA serology
62
ELISA detects the presence of what that indicates pertussis?
pertussis toxin adhesins
63
On ELISA, what indicates a pertussis infection...
4x increased in paired sera or high initial titer
64
What confers a definitive Dx for pertussis?
culture on enriched bordet-gengou or regan-lowe agar. PCR
65
Bordet-gengou agar and Regan-low agar are specific for...
pertussis
66
pertussis can be prevented by what vaccine?
DTaP

Microbiology (13 decks)

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