Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Microbiology > Otitis, Sinusitis, Diptheria, Pertussis > Flashcards

Otitis, Sinusitis, Diptheria, Pertussis Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Pseudomonas aeruginosa and staphylococcus aureus are two causes of…

A

otitis externa

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

The below pathogens commonly cause…

Strep. pneumo

moraxella catarrhalis

H. Flu

A

otitis media, sinusitis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What is the common cause of diptheria?

A

corynebacterium diptheriae

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

what pathogen causes whooping cough?

A

bordatella pertusis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

A patient with OE presents with a fever. This suggests what?

A

involvement outside EAC

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What are two characteristic signs of OE?

A

otalgia and otorrhea

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Which pathogen causing OE is G+ and which is G-?

A

G- pseudomonas

G+ staph aureus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Pseudomonas and staph aureus are examples of ___philes

A

halophiles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

what makes pseudomonas protected from the immune system?

A

slime layer/encapsulation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Which pigment produced by pseudomonas is non-fluorescent and bluish?

A

pyocyanin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Which pigment produced by pseudomonas is fluorescent green?

A

pyoverdin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Which pigment produced by pseudomonas is a virulance factor that generates ROS?

A

pyocyanin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Which pigment produced by pseudomonas sequesters iron

A

pyoverdin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

This pathogen has the following characteristics…

Clustered G+ cocci
Coagulase positive
B-hemolytic
encapsulated

A

Staph aureus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

When exposed to serum, a clot forms at the bottom of the test tube. This indicates that the pathogen is…

A

coagulase positive

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

White regions develop on a pathogen streaked blood agar. This indicates that the pathogen is…

A

beta hemolytic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What test is helpful in diagnosing OE?

A

gram stain

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What are the most common bacterial causes of AOM and ABRS?

A

Strep pneumo

H. Flu

Moraxella catarrhalis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

This pathogen has the following characteristics…

common cause of AOM/ABRS

G+ diplococci

a-hemolysis

optochin sensitive

Encapsulated

A

Strep pneumo

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

A blood agar is streaked with a pathogen. After some time, yellow streaking appears. This indicates…

A

alpha-hemolysis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

A pathogen is streaked on a blood agar. Onto the plate, a disc of optochin is placed. The next day, a red ring surrounds the optochin disc indicating pathogen death in that area..

What pathogen is sensitive to optochin?

A

Strep pneumo

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

This pathogen is a common cause of AOM, ABRS and has the following characteristics…

G- coccobacilli

non-typeable strains

A

H. flu

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

This pathogen is a common cause of AOM, ABRS and has the following characteristics…

oxidase positive
G- diplococci
B-lactamase producer

A

Moraxella catarrhalis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Describe the shape of corynebacterium diptheriae…

A

pleomorphic, club shaped bacilli with a “palisades” or “V” appearance

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

A slide is prepared that shows palisades or V shaped bacilli. They are stained green, but at each end a visible purple region is visualized. What are these purple regions at the ends of the bacteria?

A

volutin granules

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

Describe corynebacterium diptheriae’s growth on blood agar

A

grows aerobically

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

What stimulates the production of diptheria toxin?

A

low iron concentration

28
Q

Where does the exotoxin in diptheria toxin bind

A

heparin-binding EGF receptor

29
Q

when the exotoxin of diptheria toxin is endocytosed, what happens to the vesicle?

A

acidification, releasing A subunit to cytosol

30
Q

Once diptheria toxin’s A subunit is in the cytosol, what does it do?

A

halt protein synthesis via inactivation of EF-2 by ADP ribosylation

31
Q

A patient presents with:

sudden onset of malaise
exudative pharyngitis
low grade fever
LAD

immunizations not UTD and travel hx

What should you suspect?

A

respiratory diptheria

32
Q

What signs are present in serious cases of respiratory diptheria?

A

bull neck, thick gray pseudomembrane

33
Q

What can manifest as a result of systemic exotoxin production in diptheria?

A

myocarditis and demyelination

34
Q

how is diptheria spread?

A

person-to-person via respiratory droplets or skin contact

35
Q

What two media are used to culture diptheria?

A

loeffler’s medium

cysteine-tellurite agar

36
Q

Gram staining of diptheria shows…

A

club shaped G+ bacilli

37
Q

volutin staining of diptheria shows…

A

metechromatic volutin granules

38
Q

Loeffler’s medium supports diptheria growth and enhances formation of what?

A

volutin granules

39
Q

cysteine-tellurite agar of diptheria will show…

A

distinctive black to tellurite reduction

40
Q

isolates from cysteine-tellurite agar should be tested for presence of what?

A

toxin

41
Q

Isolates from cysteine tellurite agar can be tested by what four tests?

A

Elek test

PCR

ELISA

Immunochromatographic strip assay

42
Q

This diptheria test:

immunidiffusion assay to secretion of exotoxin

A

Elek test

43
Q

this diptheria test:

detects presence of tox gene…

A

PCR

44
Q

This diptheria test:

detects diptheria exotoxin

A

ELISA

45
Q

this diptheria test:

is very sensitive to diptheria exotoxin

A

immunochromatographic strip assay

46
Q

What are the 4 main components of diptheria tx?

A

neutralization of exotoxin

abx

isolation

vaccination when recovered

47
Q

This pathogen has the following characteristics…

small G- coccobacilli

grows aerobically on enriched agar

contains adhesins and exotoxins

A

bordatella pertussis

48
Q

What two adhesins allow bordatella pertussis to attach to ciliated respiratory epithelium?

A

filamentous hemagglutinin

agglutinogens

49
Q

What four exotoxins are present on bordatella pertussis that participate in disease

A

pertussis toxin

adenylate cyclase toxin

dermonecrotic toxin

tracheal cytotoxin

50
Q

Which pertussis exotoxin is an A-B toxin that causes lymphocytosis by inhibiting secondary messaging pathway responsible for phagocytic killing on monocyte migration…

A

pertussis toxin

51
Q

which pertussis exotoxin causes decreased chemotaxis?

A

adenylate cyclase toxin

52
Q

which pertussis exotoxin causes vasoconstriction and ischemic necrosis

A

dermonecrotic toxin

53
Q

which pertussis toxin kills ciliated respiratory epithelial cells and stimulates IL-1 release

A

tracheal cytotoxin

54
Q

The adhesins in pertussis have what mechanism of action

A

attach to ciliated epithelium, and are highly immunogenic

55
Q

What causes the airway compromise in pertussis that can lead to atelectasis, cough, cyanosis and pneumonia?

A

neutrophil response to damaged cilia by TCT and LPS leading to mucus hypersecreiton

56
Q

Which stage of pertussis has the following characteristics:

high contagious patients

nonspecific upper respiratory sydrome

lasts 1-2 weeks

A

catarrhal

57
Q

the catarrhal stage occurs due to…

A

inflammation of mucous membranes

58
Q

Which stage of pertussis has the following characteristics:

paroxysmal coughing

vomiting

up to 50 attacks/spasms a day

lasts 2-4 weeks

complications due to vomiting and increased pressure

A

paroxysmal stage

59
Q

Which stage of pertussis has the following characteristics:

decreased paroxysms

gradual recovery over several weeks

secondary complications like pneumonia, encephalopathy, seizures and death

A

convalescent stage

60
Q

what prior condition predisposes a pertussis patient to develop secondary complications like pneumonia?

A

immunosuppression

61
Q

What test can give a presumptive Dx of pertussis?

A

ELISA serology

62
Q

ELISA detects the presence of what that indicates pertussis?

A

pertussis toxin

adhesins

63
Q

On ELISA, what indicates a pertussis infection…

A

4x increased in paired sera or high initial titer

64
Q

What confers a definitive Dx for pertussis?

A

culture on enriched bordet-gengou or regan-lowe agar.

PCR

65
Q

Bordet-gengou agar and Regan-low agar are specific for…

A

pertussis

66
Q

pertussis can be prevented by what vaccine?

A

DTaP

Microbiology (13 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions