Stevens- Antibiotics and Resistance

Question 1

beta-lactams and vancomycin target what

Answer 1

cell wall

Question 2

Fluoroquinolones and rifamycins target what

Answer 2

DNA/RNA synthesis

Question 3

Trimethoprim
Sulfonamides
target what

Answer 3

Folate synthesis

Question 4

Daptomycin targets what

Answer 4

cell membrane

Question 5

Linezolid
Tetracyclines
Macrolides
Aminoglycosides
target what

Answer 5

Protein synthesis

Question 6

Penicillins
Cephalosporins
Carbapenems
target what

Answer 6

PBPs (penicillin binding proteins)

Question 7

target 50S ribosome (protein synthesis)

Answer 7

Macrolides
Lincomycins

Question 8

target 30S ribosome (protein synthesis)

Answer 8

Aminoglycosides
Tetracyclines

Question 9

target DNA gyrase or topoisomerase IV (DNA replication)

Answer 9

Quinolones

Question 10

target paraaminobenzoic acid (folate inhibitor)
target dihydrofolate reductase (folate inhibitor)

Answer 10

sulfonamides
trimethoprim

Question 11

____ is important for synthesizing DNA and RNA in bacteria

Answer 11

folate

Question 12

major mechanisms of antibiotic resistance

Answer 12

1. edit antibiotic
2. reduce antibiotic uptake
3. increase antibiotic efflux
4. change/modify drug target

Question 13

bacteria ___the antibiotic and prevent it from binding to target

Answer 13

edit the antibiotic

Question 14

2 examples of editing the antibiotic

Answer 14

post-translational modification
destruction

Question 15

bacteria reduce _______ by loss of porin

Answer 15

reduce antibiotic uptake

Question 16

bacteria increase ______ that promotes loss of antibiotics from cell (in gram + and gram -)

Answer 16

increase antibiotic efflux

Question 17

___ and ___ are needed to translate mRNA into bacterial peptides

Answer 17

50S and 30S ribosomes

Question 18

bacteria can alter _____ to modify drug target

Answer 18

50S and 30S ribosome subunits

Question 19

____ or ____ of bacterial ribosomes that inhibit antibiotics from binding

Answer 19

mutations or methylation

Question 20

bacteria can change the type of _____ they have and make it insensitive and inhibit antibiotics from binding

Answer 20

PBP (penicillin binding protein)

Question 21

bacteria have developed resistance mechanisms to these Ab’s by

Answer 21

increasing efflux pathways

Question 22

bacteria have resistance mechanisms to these Ab’s by

Answer 22

changing folate pathway and protein synthesis and PBPs

Question 23

bacteria have resistance mechanisms to these antibiotics by

Answer 23

modifying antibiotic targets

Question 24

bacteria have resistance mechanisms to these antibiotics by

Answer 24

inactivating enzymes (ribosomal subunits and PBPs)