stereotypes prejudice and discrimination

Question 1

what is hogg and vaughan’s definition of stereotype

Answer 1

widely shared and simplified evaluative image of a social group and its members

Question 2

what is hogg and vaughan’s definition of prejudice

Answer 2

unfavourable attitudes towards social group and members

Question 3

what is hogg and vaughan’s definition of discrimination

Answer 3

behaviour/actions towards an individual or group, usually neg., because of their group membership

Question 4

what is the ABC model

Answer 4

stereotypes, prejudice and discrimination work closely

prejudice: Affective
discrimination: Behvaioural
stereotypes: Cognitive

Question 5

cardwell 1996 definition of a stereotype

Answer 5

a fixed over generalised belief about a particular group or class of people

Question 6

strengths of stereotypes

Answer 6

enable us to respond rapidly to situations due to similar past experience, we use heuristics and form schemas

Question 7

negatives of stereotypes

Answer 7

ignore individual differences and make generalisations

Question 8

what is the cause of P and D

Answer 8

stereotypes

Question 9

what are the consequences of P and D

Answer 9

dehumanisation towards a person/group

Question 10

what is the cycle of self fulfilling prophecies

Answer 10

1. automatic activation of negative stereotype
2. treat target poorly
3. target behaves poorly in response
4. negative stereotype confirmed
5. REPEAT

Question 11

explanations for stereotypes leading to P and D

Answer 11

-mere exposure effect: repeated exposure=greater attraction (Zajonc 1968)
-scapegoat: aggress against something else without fear
-displacement: neg. feelings transferred
-dogmatism: rigid intolerant cog. style predisposing to P (Rokeach)

Question 12

what are the social sources of P

Answer 12

-unequal status (realistic conflict theory)
-social identity
-frustration aggression hypoth
-social dominance theory

Question 13

what are the cog sources of P

Answer 13

-stereotypes
-percieved similarities and differences
-illusory correlation

Question 14

what is the realistic conflict theory

Answer 14

-direct competition between groups for limited desirable resources
-cause conflict and neg stereotypes
e.g Robber’s cave experiment by Sherif
-summer camp rivalry
-2 groups of boys: eagles and rattlers randomly assigned to groups
-boys wanted to win access to prizes e.g sweet shop so demonstated inter group hostility
-in groups treated favourably but out group unfavourably
-longer the groups were together, the more animosity between them

Question 15

what is a supportive research study for realistic conflict theory

Answer 15

arthur 2005
-proximity of living and perceived levels of interethnic conflict associated with acceptance of diversity in the workplace

Question 16

what is the social identity theory

Answer 16

tajfel and turner
-groups give us identity
-categorises into us and them
e.g Nevin 2015
-more active on social media and higher engagement with crowd increases effectiveness of crowdfunding

Question 17

what is the social identity theory

Answer 17

tajfel and turner
-groups give us identity
-categorises into us and them
e.g Nevin 2015
-more active on social media and higher engagement with crowd increases effectiveness of crowdfunding

Question 18

frustration aggression hypothesis

Answer 18

dollard et al 1939
-frustration leads to aggression
-cathartic when aggressive
e.g mcgloin 2015: frustration and enjoyment are predictors in video game aggression

Question 19

social dominance theory

Answer 19

sidanium and pratto 1999
-inetrgroup relations can tell us about P
-inequalities maintained through D

Question 20

what are the cog sources of P

Answer 20

-out group homogeniety: out group members seen as same
-in group differentiation: seen as more diverse
-illusory correlations: oversestimating neg behaviour in minority groups

Question 21

what are illusory correlations

Answer 21

perceiveing relationsship with variables that may not exist