concepts, methods and ethics Flashcards

1
Q

what is social psychology

A

scientific study of everyday lives
- attitudes
- relationships
- language

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2
Q

what are the social psychology approaches

A

observable behaviours e.g walking
unobservable behaviours e.g feelings

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3
Q

why cant intuition or common sense be used to explain daily existence

A

Epstein 1997 shows flaws with folk wisdom
- its inconsistent
- e.g out of sight out of mind vs distance makes the heart grow fonder are opposing ideas about long distance relationships

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4
Q

describe Bahn’s opposites attract study 2017

A

-approached pairs of people in street to fill in survey on attitudes and traits
-86% variables statistically sig. with dyads = we select people similar to be our partners/friends

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5
Q

describe Swami’s 2016 study on attractiveness

A

attractiveness for strangers increased when of same socio economic status, music taste, appearance etc

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6
Q

what are the sources of bias

A

confirmation bias
availability heuristic
mood effects

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7
Q

what is confirmation bias

A

Barron and Byrne 2000
-desire to interpret info to fit an opinion
-seeking reinforcing info and ignoring contradictory info

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8
Q

what is availability heuristic

A

Hogg and Vaughan 2014
-mental shortcut, retrieves easily recalled examples when entering a new situation

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9
Q

what are mood effects

A

Hogg and Vaughan 2014
- moods influence the way info is interpreted
-good mood = positive appraisal of situation (Forgas 1995)

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10
Q

what does it mean when scientific SP has adopted the empirical method

A

accuracy: precise and carefully collected data
objectivity: free from bias and preconceptions
open: prepared to update theories in face of contradictory evidence

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11
Q

what is induction

A

derive theory from observations

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12
Q

what is deduction

A

test theory by collecting observations

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13
Q

scientific process using induction

A

observation
hypothesis
theory
evaluation

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14
Q

scientific process using deduction

A

theory
hypothesis
observation
evaluation

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15
Q

what are the approaches to gathering data in SP

A

questionnaires
systematic observation
case studies

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16
Q

strength and weakness of questionnaires

A

+ large no of pp, easy to administer
- cannot infer cause, poor response rate

17
Q

strength and weaknesses of systematic observation

A

+ real behaviour, high validity, can collect data impossible to collect with questionnaires e.g young children
- subjective, overt=behaviour may change, demand characteristics, covert=ethically unsound

modern systematic observations can be done online, behaviours permanently recorded online and can be analysed

18
Q

strength and weaknesses of case studies

A

+ good detail
- subjective, may be ungeneraliseable

19
Q

ways to analyse data

A

-group differences, ANOVA t-test
-linear relationships, regression and correlations
-category membership, chi-square
-advanced approaches, structural equation modelling

20
Q

ethics

A

BPS guidlines
-informed consent
-deception
-protection of pp
-right to withdraw
-debriefing
-confidentiality

21
Q

what are the theories in social psychology

A

behaviourism
cognitive
personality
collectivist
social neuroscience

22
Q

behaviourism

A

reinforcement etc, later incorporates thoughts and feelings (neobehaviourism)

23
Q

cognitive

A

behaviourism believes passive interaction with the environment but cognitive sees active interpretation of experiences and planning actions

24
Q

personality theories

A

behaviour caused by individual traits e.g authoritarianism (Adorno), optimism/pessimism (Scheier and Carver)
personality not stable throughout life

25
collectivist
behaviour is the product of social influences, behaviour different in groups, social identity theory (Tajfel 1984)
26
social neuroscience
processes in brain give rise to behaviour, brain areas linked to certain psychological traits