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PSY112 social psychology > socialisation and family > Flashcards

socialisation and family Flashcards

1
Q

definition of socialisation

A

process where children are taught behaviours deemed appropriate by the community

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2
Q

features of socialisation

A

mostly happens in family environment in early yrs
other social influences: peers, teachers, relatives etc

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3
Q

family definition

A

dynamic system, members of the family are constantly changing and the structure of a family in society is changing all the time

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4
Q

what makes a good parent

A

-responsiveness/sensitivity and warmth
-heavily linked to secure attachments
-children securely attached tend to have higher self esteem, higher IQ, less aggression

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5
Q

what are the 4 dimensions of parenting according to Baurmind

A

warmth, expectations, consistency of rules, communication

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6
Q

what three styles of parenting did Baurmind find

A

she looked into the four dimensions and found 3 styles: authoritative, authoritarian, permissive

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7
Q

what were Maccoby and Martin’s two major dimensions

A

-acceptance/responsiveness
-demandingness and control

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8
Q

what are the four parenting styles found by maccoby and martin

A

authoritative: high acceptance, high control
authoritarian: low acceptance, high control
permissive: high acceptance, low control
uninvolved: low acceptance, low control

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9
Q

what is the difference between authoritative and authoritarian parenting

A

both have high levels of power, the difference is how the power is asserted

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10
Q

which of maccoby and martins parenting styles produces the happiest and well adjusted children

A

authoritative

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11
Q

what are shaffer and kipps developmental outcomes of baurminds authoritative parenting style

A

childhood: high cog and social competencies
adolescence: high self esteem, excellent social skills, strong moral/prosocial concern, high academic achievement

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12
Q

what are shaffer and kipps developmental outcomes of baurminds authoritarian parenting style

A

childhood: average cog and social competencies
adolescence: average academic performance and social skills, more conforming than children of permissive parents

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13
Q

what are shaffer and kipps developmental outcomes of baurminds permissive parenting style

A

childhood: low cog and social competencies
adolescence: poor self control, poor academic performance, more drug use than authoritative/authoritarian

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14
Q

cultural differences in parenting styles

A

-western society prefers authoritative, other places prefer authoritarian
-Keshavarz + Baharudin 2009: looked at Malay, chinese and indian families which all endorsed authoritarian styles

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15
Q

what are the findings of a study by leung, lan and lam 1998

A

higher academic achievement related to authoritative parenting in english speaking pp groups

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16
Q

what are barber’s 2 types of control when disciplining a child

A
  1. behavioural (firm discipline) e.g having time out
  2. psychological (withdrawal or induction) e.g withholding affection, inducing blame on child
17
Q

what is the best type of control when disciplining a child

A

behavioural
-psychological control can lead to deviant behaviour, lack of self control, can psychologically harm the child

18
Q

features of sibling rivalry

A

-it is normal and begins at birth of sibling
-less rivalry if parents continue to pay attention to older child and explain the changes
-conflicts are fewer as children grow older

19
Q

influence of siblings

A

-normally positive: provide emotional support, learn to care for each other, teach each other
-siblings get along better if parents monitor activities and if parents’ relationship with both is close

20
Q

in what way can parents treat siblings differently

A

-have more expectations of first born/punished more
-later borns more open to new experiences

21
Q

what can stressful events like family conflicts and divorce inflict on a child

A

anxiety, distress, higher aggression, depression etc
-prolonged conflict is often worse than divorce
-divorce effects vary on child’s temperament, sex and age

22
Q

what can cycles of unhappy marriages and divorce cause

A

strong negative effects

23
Q

effects of stable remarriages

A

-girls profit less from gaining a stepfather than boys
-stepmothers tend to be less well received than stepfathers

24
Q

what do the american academy of paediatrics suggest about screen time

A

-children under 18 months should avoid screen time other than for video calls
-age 2-5 = screen time should be limited to 1 hr of high quality programmes a day

25
Q

according to richert 2010 what is the average age a child starts watching tv

A

5 months

26
Q

does tv watching increase with age

A

it increases till age 11, then declines

27
Q

who suggested by the time a child is 18 they will have watched 20,000 hrs of tv

A

kail and Cavanaugh 2007

28
Q

does watching tv increase language development

A

-Schmidt 2009: tv in infants not associated with improved lang
-Christakis 2004: every hr in front of tv aged 8-16 months = 6-8 fewer words learnt
-Richert 2010: educational dvds do not aid lang learning in toddlers

29
Q

at what age can children learn new words from tv

A

Rice and woodsmall: from 3 yrs

30
Q

what is television literacy

A

ability to understand and interpret the info on tv

31
Q

what is the video deficit

A

children cannot generalise what they see on tv to real life so it doesnt benefit cog in any way
-most tv programmes jump from scene to scene so is hard to understand

32
Q

prior to 8/9yrs how do children process tv

A

in piecemeal fashion/ bit by bit
7 yr olds do not even understand tv is fictional (Wright 1994)

33
Q

strengths of watching tv

A

+ social viewing leads to shared experiences (Lemish 2007)
+ increase in prosocial behaviour when shared experience
+ older children can learn from educational programmes (Anderson 2001)
+ no declines in watching tv as long as it is not excessive (Hutson et al)

34
Q

weaknesses of watching tv

A
  • when tv not accurate reflection of society it can create false stereotypes e.g gender roles (Hust et al), beauty and attractiveness (Harrison 2000), race
    -inactivity leads to obesity (anderson 2001)
    -violence on tv can influence behaviour
35
Q

what is a benefit of the internet and social media

A

+ helpful to complete school work
+ Jackson gave computers to deprived 13-14yr olds and saw increase in academic performance
+ feel closer to friends
+ access to health info

36
Q

advertising and children

A

-children can easily distinguish tv adverts by 5 yrs, but find it harder to on a website
-children under 8 are unable to understand the persuasive intent

PSY112 social psychology (21 decks)

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