STEM Cells Flashcards
1
Q
STEM Cell niche
A
- control cell division and differentiation
- neighboring cells
- ECM
- Growth factors
- environmental factors (pH, O2, pressure)
2
Q
Homing
A
- STEM cells knowing where to go
- damaged tissues release factors for homing
3
Q
Fusogenic
A
- STEM cells fuse together
- tetraplid
- cause cancer
- occur from stress of injecting into human
4
Q
Therapeutic Cloning
A
- SCs to treat injury or condition
- diabetes
- alzheimers
- injury
- Embryo in vitro
5
Q
Reproductive cloning
A
- making genetically identical organisms
- in vivo
6
Q
Adult SCs
A
- found in adipose (fat)
- adMSC = adipose derived mesenchymal SC
7
Q
Fetal SC
A
- amniotic
- umbilical cord
- placental
8
Q
Embryonic SC
A
- hESC
- hPSC
9
Q
Induced pluripotent SCs
A
- not used for research in US
- Used in Japan and Australia
- iPS factors introduced to somatic cells
10
Q
SCID mice
A
- mice without B or T cells (immunodeficiency)
- used to see if STEM ecll can differentiate in vivo
- used to see if human cancer cell can form a tumor in vivo
11
Q
3 ways to generate STEM cells in vitro
A
- SCNT
- Parthenogenesis
- inducing STEM cells
12
Q
SCNT pros
A
- somatic cell nucleus inserted in embryo to differentiate, then re-inserted into patient
- autologous
13
Q
SCNT cons
A
- ethical concerns, creates embryo
- 1/1000 cloning success rate
14
Q
Parthenogenesis
A
- Osmolarity changes in egg environment causes blastocyst without sperm
- hPSCs
- would only take 200-300 eggs to get hPSCs for everyone on earth
15
Q
Parthenogenesis cons
A
- all alleles homozygous, higher chance of mutant phenotype
- only allogeneic unlesse using cells for the female donating
- ehthical concern, creates embryo
