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AAA Companion Animal VMS4005 > STEEPLECHASE ECHOCARDIOGRAPHY > Flashcards

STEEPLECHASE ECHOCARDIOGRAPHY Flashcards

1
Q

Indications

A
  • Heart murmurs
  • ECG abnormalities - electrocardiogram
  • Radiography abnormalities
  • Hypertension - heart disease
  • Dyspnoea e.g. cats - respiratory or cardiac disease
  • Syncope
  • Arterial thromboembolism - clots
  • Identification phenotypically normal animals prior to breeding - CKCS, mitral valve disease
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2
Q

Positioning + patient prep

A
  • Patient in lateral recumbency, but may be performed standing if patient dyspnoeic (having difficulty breathing)
  • Avoid sedation if possible as may alter cardiac function
  • Right side views used for general exam, but may need to scan both left and right sides
  • Air interferes with passage of ultrasound waves so preparation of patient is important
  • Clip over palpable apex beat – both left and right sides
  • Clean area
  • Apply ultrasound gel to ensure good contact
  • Place patient on cardiac table in right lateral recumbency initially
  • Heart drops with gravity and will lie perpendicular to the beam in R lateral; lower lung will be less inflated and therefore will create less interference
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3
Q

R side

A

3rd - 6th ICS

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4
Q

L side

A

5th - 7th ICS

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5
Q

3 modes

A
  • B mode
  • M mode
  • Doppler - colour flow doppler!
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6
Q
A

B mode

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7
Q
A

M mode

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8
Q
A

Doppler mode (colour flow doppler)

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9
Q

B mode - standard views

A
  • Right parasternal long axis 4 chamber view
  • Right parasternal long axis 5 chamber view
  • Right parasternal short axis view at level of papillary muscles
  • Right parasternal short view at level of mitral valve
  • Right parasternal short axis view at level of left atrium and aorta

Convention is to view base of heart on right of screen, apex of heart on left of screen

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10
Q
A

B mode - right parasternal long axis 4 chamber view

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11
Q
A

B mode - right parasternal long axis 5 chamber view

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12
Q
A

B mode - right parasternal short axis - papillary muscles (mushroom)

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13
Q
A

B mode - parasternal short axis mitral valve (fish mouth)

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14
Q
A
  • B mode - right parasternal short axis left atrium + aorta (Mercedes Benz)
  • Able to calculate diastolic LA : normal aorta ratio (< 1.6)
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15
Q

M mode

A
  • One dimensional, used for taking measurements e.g. ventricular wall thickness in DCM/HCM
  • Motion mode - movement of e.g. left ventricular free wall
  • Short axis view for contractibility
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16
Q
A

B mode - right parasternal long axis 4 chamber view

17
Q
A

B mode - right parasternal long axis 5 chamber view

18
Q
A

B mode - right parasternal short axis - papillary muscles (mushroom)

19
Q
A

B mode - parasternal short axis mitral valve (fish mouth)

20
Q
A
  • B mode - right parasternal short axis left atrium + aorta (Mercedes Benz)
  • Able to calculate diastolic LA : normal aorta ratio (< 1.6)
21
Q
A

M mode

22
Q
A

M mode

23
Q
A

Colour flow doppler - ventricular septal defect

24
Q
A

Colour flow doppler - atrioventricular valve diseae

25
Q

Colour flow doppler

A
  • Measures flow rate + direction
    For assessing
  • Ventricular septal defects
  • Patent ductus arteriosus
  • Atrioventricular valve disease
  • BART, blue = away, red = towards
26
Q
A
27
Q
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28
Q
A
29
Q
A
30
Q
A
  • Right parasternal short axis view at the level of the LA and aorta
  • Atrial fibrillation
  • Severe dilation of the left atrium (LA : Ao, should be 1.6)
  • Overall globoid appearance of the heart
  • Mitral valve leaflets are distorted

AAA Companion Animal VMS4005 (17 decks)

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