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Reproductive > STDs > Flashcards

STDs Flashcards

1
Q

What external anatomy of the male genital tract is involved in STDs?

A

penis

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2
Q

What external anatomy of the female genital tract is involved in STDs?

A

labia

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3
Q

what internal anatomy of the male genital tract is involved in STDs?

A

testis
epididymis
seminal vesical
urethra

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4
Q

what internal anatomy of the female genital tract is involved in STDs?

A

ovaries
Fallopian tube
uterus
vagina

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5
Q

what are STDs

A

a group of clinical conditions and infections caused by pathogens that can be acquired and transmitted through sexual activity

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6
Q

what incidence is a major contributor to STDs

A

multiple sex partners

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7
Q

What are the clinical manifestations of STDs

A

mostly asymptomatic
dysuria

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8
Q

Does Trichomoniasis go unnoticed in males?

A

yes

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9
Q

urethritis can be divided into what categories

A

gonococcal and non-gonococcal

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10
Q

urethritis is

A

inflammation of the urethra

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11
Q

what is the main cause of urethritis

A

N. gonorrhoeae and Chlamydia trachomatis

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12
Q

what symptoms do males present with in urethritis

A

dysuria and urethral discharge

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13
Q

what symptoms do females present with in urethritis

A

mucopurulent cervicits with serious complications like ectopic pregnancy and infertility

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14
Q

what are the 2 causes of non-gonococcal urethritis

A

mycoplasma hominis
ureaplasma urealyticum

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15
Q

Urethritis presents clinically with inflammation and dischange, describe this in males.

A

profuse mucopurulent yellow-green discharge

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16
Q

Urethritis presents clinically with inflammation and discharge, described this in males. what percent of males are asymptomatic

A

15%

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17
Q

Urethritis presents clinically with inflammation and discharge, what is the primary site in females?

A

endocervical canal

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18
Q

what is the cause of gonococcal urethritis

A

Neisseria gonorrhoea

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19
Q

what is the cause of non-gonoccal urethritis

A

chlamydia trachomatis

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20
Q

histology of Neisseria gonorrhoea

A

Gram neg intracellular diplococci

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21
Q

does gonococcal urethritis affect both sexes

A

yes, with discharge and dysuria in males and pruritis and dysuria in females

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22
Q

histology of non-gonococcal urethritis

A

gram negative intracellular

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23
Q

what are the clinical symptoms of non-gonococcal urethritis

A

scanty or moderate whitish urethral discharge and dysuria

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24
Q

ureaplasma urealyticum

A

non-specific urethritis

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25
Q

clinical symptoms of ureaplasma urealyticum in males

A

urethritis
proctitis
reiters syndrome

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26
Q

clinical symptoms of ureaplasma urealyticum in females

A

acute salpingitis
PID
cervicitis
vaginitis

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27
Q

what are the causes of urethritis

A

gonococcal
non-gonococcal
ureaplasma urealyticum
mycoplasma genialium
trichomonas vaginalis
yeast
herpes simplex virus

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28
Q

what is vagina discharge

A

inflammation or irritation of vagina by pathogen causing a discharge

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29
Q

what are characteristics of normal vaginal discharge

A

clear to white, odorless, viscous

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30
Q

what type of bacteria causes vaginal discharge

A

lactobacillus producing H2O2

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31
Q

what are common symptoms of vaginal discharge

A

vaginal discharge
Vulvar itching
irritation
odor

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32
Q

what organisms are involved in vaginal discharge

A

Trichomonas vaginalis
Gardenella vaginalis
Candida spp

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33
Q

what is the clinical appearance (size) of genital warts?

A

flat, papular, or pedunculated growth

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34
Q

what is the location of genital warts?

A

mucosa

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35
Q

what causes genital warts

A

HPV

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36
Q

How is genital warts felt

A

usually asymptomatic
can be pruritic or painful

37
Q

what is the site of genital warts?

A

introitus in women
under foreskin of uncircumcised penis
shaft of penis
anogenital epithelium

38
Q

what causes rectal lesions

A

increasing homosexual and heterosexual practices involving anogenital region

39
Q

what organisms can cause rectal lesion (proctitis)

A

N gonorrhoea
C tachomatis
 C –itching ,mucopurulent discharge
 Pain ,bleeding and tenesmus
 HSV-Simillar complains along with systemic symptoms

40
Q

What are common symptoms of proctitis

A

itching
mucopurulent discharge
pain
bleeding
tenesmus

41
Q

Bartholinitis

A

Infection of Bartholin gland along with the obstruction of Bartholin duct

42
Q

what organism is commonly involved in Bartholinitis

A

N gonorrhea and C trachomatis

43
Q

what type of organism involved with bartholinitis is from the genital flora

A

anaerobic

44
Q

what is the most common cause of a genital ulceration

A

herpes

45
Q

what is the cause of herpes

A

DNA virus herpes virus 2 HSV2
less commonly HSV1

46
Q

what area is most common for herpes

A

genitals and mouth

47
Q

how is herpes transmitted

A

sexually with direct contact with lesions

48
Q

can herpes spread by asymptomatic spreading

A

yes

49
Q

what is the treatment for herpes

A

anti-viral drugs

50
Q

what is the histological appearance of herpes

A

Multinucleated cells with ground glass appearing viral inclusion (margining of chromatin), molding nuclear membrane

51
Q

what is the clinical(size) appearance of herpes

A

clusters of small papules and macules followed by painful ulcers

52
Q

what is the clinical presentation of genital ulcers

A

Single, multiple vesicular, ulcerative, or erosive lesions of the genital area with or without inguinal lymphadenopathy

53
Q

synonym of primary syphilis

A

hare sore

54
Q

what is the etiology of primary syphilis

A

treponema palladium

55
Q

what is the primary lesion of primary syphilis

A

papule

56
Q

what is the diagnosis method of primary syphilis

A

dark field microscopy

57
Q

what is the etiology of genital herpes

A

HSVII

58
Q

what is the primary lesion of genital herpes

A

vesicle

59
Q

what is the diagnosis of genital herpes

A

multinucleated giant cells

60
Q

what is the synonym of chancroid

A

soft sore

61
Q

what is the etiology of chancroid

A

Hemophilus sucreyi

62
Q

what is the primary lesion of chancroid

A

pustule

63
Q

what is the diagnosis of chancroid

A

microscopy

64
Q

what is the etiology of Lymphogranuloma venereum

A

clamydia trachomatis

65
Q

what is the primary lesion of Lymphogranuloma venereum

A

herpetiform ulcer/papule

66
Q

what is the diagnosis of Lymphogranuloma venereum

A

chlamydia inclusion bodies with Mccoy cell line

67
Q

what is a synonym for Granuloma inguinale (donovanosis)

A

granuloma inguinale

68
Q

what is the etiology of Granuloma inguinale (donovanosis)

A

calymmatobacterium/Klebsiella granulomatosis

69
Q

what is the primary lesion of Granuloma inguinale (donovanosis)

A

nodule/papule

70
Q

what is the diagnosis of Granuloma inguinale (donovanosis)

A

wright giemsa stain

71
Q

a pink gram stain indicates what

A

gram negative intracellular diplococci (gonorrhea)

72
Q

a violet gram stain indicates what

A

gram positive oval budding yeast cell (candida)

73
Q

in the analysis of HSV what are we looking for

A

intranuclear inclusion bodies

74
Q

in the analysis of DONOV what are we looking for

A

donovan bodies

75
Q

HIV

A

Human immunodeficiency virus attaches the body’s immune system

76
Q

what helps prevent the transmission of STDs

A

condoms

77
Q

AIDs

A

last stage of HIV infection

78
Q

what happens to CD4 cells as HIV progresses to AIDS

A

CD4 cells decrease

79
Q

what therapy prevents the spread of HIV

A

ART

80
Q

when does HIV goes to AIDs

A

when CD4 <200 cells

81
Q

what is the transmission of HIV

A

Sex
Needle sharing
Mother to infant
Occupation exposure
Needle prick in dental setting
Mononucleosis-like syndrome

82
Q

mode of transmission for HIV

A

Non-sterile syringes and tools
Pregnancy breastfeeding
Blood transfusion
Organ transplant
Unprotected sex

83
Q

what conditions can occur with AIDS

A

With loss of vision
Pneumocystis Jiroveci pneumonia
Chronic interstinal cryptosporidiosis
HIV-related encephalopathy
Myovacterium tuberculosis

84
Q

HIV is not transmitted via

A

food
drink
utensils
kissing/touching
clothes
toilet

85
Q

what are the signs and symtoms of HIV/AIDS

A

fever
headache
rash
sore throat

86
Q

as HIV AIDS weakens the immune system, what are the signs and symptoms

A

swollen lymph nodes
weight loss
fever
diarrhea
cough

87
Q

without treatment, people with HIV infection can also develop

A

TB
meningitis
severe bacterial infection
lymphomas
kaposi’s sarcoma

88
Q

HIV can intensify what illnesses

A

Hep C, Hep B, mpox

89
Q
A

Reproductive (12 decks)

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