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STDs Flashcards

1
Q

What external anatomy of the male genital tract is involved in STDs?

A

penis

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2
Q

What external anatomy of the female genital tract is involved in STDs?

A

labia

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3
Q

what internal anatomy of the male genital tract is involved in STDs?

A

testis
epididymis
seminal vesical
urethra

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4
Q

what internal anatomy of the female genital tract is involved in STDs?

A

ovaries
Fallopian tube
uterus
vagina

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5
Q

what are STDs

A

a group of clinical conditions and infections caused by pathogens that can be acquired and transmitted through sexual activity

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6
Q

what incidence is a major contributor to STDs

A

multiple sex partners

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7
Q

What are the clinical manifestations of STDs

A

mostly asymptomatic
dysuria

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8
Q

Does Trichomoniasis go unnoticed in males?

A

yes

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9
Q

urethritis can be divided into what categories

A

gonococcal and non-gonococcal

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10
Q

urethritis is

A

inflammation of the urethra

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11
Q

what is the main cause of urethritis

A

N. gonorrhoeae and Chlamydia trachomatis

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12
Q

what symptoms do males present with in urethritis

A

dysuria and urethral discharge

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13
Q

what symptoms do females present with in urethritis

A

mucopurulent cervicits with serious complications like ectopic pregnancy and infertility

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14
Q

what are the 2 causes of non-gonococcal urethritis

A

mycoplasma hominis
ureaplasma urealyticum

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15
Q

Urethritis presents clinically with inflammation and dischange, describe this in males.

A

profuse mucopurulent yellow-green discharge

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16
Q

Urethritis presents clinically with inflammation and discharge, described this in males. what percent of males are asymptomatic

A

15%

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17
Q

Urethritis presents clinically with inflammation and discharge, what is the primary site in females?

A

endocervical canal

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18
Q

what is the cause of gonococcal urethritis

A

Neisseria gonorrhoea

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19
Q

what is the cause of non-gonoccal urethritis

A

chlamydia trachomatis

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20
Q

histology of Neisseria gonorrhoea

A

Gram neg intracellular diplococci

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21
Q

does gonococcal urethritis affect both sexes

A

yes, with discharge and dysuria in males and pruritis and dysuria in females

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22
Q

histology of non-gonococcal urethritis

A

gram negative intracellular

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23
Q

what are the clinical symptoms of non-gonococcal urethritis

A

scanty or moderate whitish urethral discharge and dysuria

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24
Q

ureaplasma urealyticum

A

non-specific urethritis

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25
clinical symptoms of ureaplasma urealyticum in males
urethritis proctitis reiters syndrome
26
clinical symptoms of ureaplasma urealyticum in females
acute salpingitis PID cervicitis vaginitis
27
what are the causes of urethritis
gonococcal non-gonococcal ureaplasma urealyticum mycoplasma genialium trichomonas vaginalis yeast herpes simplex virus
28
what is vagina discharge
inflammation or irritation of vagina by pathogen causing a discharge
29
what are characteristics of normal vaginal discharge
clear to white, odorless, viscous
30
what type of bacteria causes vaginal discharge
lactobacillus producing H2O2
31
what are common symptoms of vaginal discharge
vaginal discharge Vulvar itching irritation odor
32
what organisms are involved in vaginal discharge
Trichomonas vaginalis Gardenella vaginalis Candida spp
33
what is the clinical appearance (size) of genital warts?
flat, papular, or pedunculated growth
34
what is the location of genital warts?
mucosa
35
what causes genital warts
HPV
36
How is genital warts felt
usually asymptomatic can be pruritic or painful
37
what is the site of genital warts?
introitus in women under foreskin of uncircumcised penis shaft of penis anogenital epithelium
38
what causes rectal lesions
increasing homosexual and heterosexual practices involving anogenital region
39
what organisms can cause rectal lesion (proctitis)
N gonorrhoea C tachomatis  C –itching ,mucopurulent discharge  Pain ,bleeding and tenesmus  HSV-Simillar complains along with systemic symptoms
40
What are common symptoms of proctitis
itching mucopurulent discharge pain bleeding tenesmus
41
Bartholinitis
Infection of Bartholin gland along with the obstruction of Bartholin duct
42
what organism is commonly involved in Bartholinitis
N gonorrhea and C trachomatis
43
what type of organism involved with bartholinitis is from the genital flora
anaerobic
44
what is the most common cause of a genital ulceration
herpes
45
what is the cause of herpes
DNA virus herpes virus 2 HSV2 less commonly HSV1
46
what area is most common for herpes
genitals and mouth
47
how is herpes transmitted
sexually with direct contact with lesions
48
can herpes spread by asymptomatic spreading
yes
49
what is the treatment for herpes
anti-viral drugs
50
what is the histological appearance of herpes
Multinucleated cells with ground glass appearing viral inclusion (margining of chromatin), molding nuclear membrane
51
what is the clinical(size) appearance of herpes
clusters of small papules and macules followed by painful ulcers
52
what is the clinical presentation of genital ulcers
Single, multiple vesicular, ulcerative, or erosive lesions of the genital area with or without inguinal lymphadenopathy
53
synonym of primary syphilis
hare sore
54
what is the etiology of primary syphilis
treponema palladium
55
what is the primary lesion of primary syphilis
papule
56
what is the diagnosis method of primary syphilis
dark field microscopy
57
what is the etiology of genital herpes
HSVII
58
what is the primary lesion of genital herpes
vesicle
59
what is the diagnosis of genital herpes
multinucleated giant cells
60
what is the synonym of chancroid
soft sore
61
what is the etiology of chancroid
Hemophilus sucreyi
62
what is the primary lesion of chancroid
pustule
63
what is the diagnosis of chancroid
microscopy
64
what is the etiology of Lymphogranuloma venereum
clamydia trachomatis
65
what is the primary lesion of Lymphogranuloma venereum
herpetiform ulcer/papule
66
what is the diagnosis of Lymphogranuloma venereum
chlamydia inclusion bodies with Mccoy cell line
67
what is a synonym for Granuloma inguinale (donovanosis)
granuloma inguinale
68
what is the etiology of Granuloma inguinale (donovanosis)
calymmatobacterium/Klebsiella granulomatosis
69
what is the primary lesion of Granuloma inguinale (donovanosis)
nodule/papule
70
what is the diagnosis of Granuloma inguinale (donovanosis)
wright giemsa stain
71
a pink gram stain indicates what
gram negative intracellular diplococci (gonorrhea)
72
a violet gram stain indicates what
gram positive oval budding yeast cell (candida)
73
in the analysis of HSV what are we looking for
intranuclear inclusion bodies
74
in the analysis of DONOV what are we looking for
donovan bodies
75
HIV
Human immunodeficiency virus attaches the body’s immune system
76
what helps prevent the transmission of STDs
condoms
77
AIDs
last stage of HIV infection
78
what happens to CD4 cells as HIV progresses to AIDS
CD4 cells decrease
79
what therapy prevents the spread of HIV
ART
80
when does HIV goes to AIDs
when CD4 <200 cells
81
what is the transmission of HIV
Sex Needle sharing Mother to infant Occupation exposure Needle prick in dental setting Mononucleosis-like syndrome
82
mode of transmission for HIV
Non-sterile syringes and tools Pregnancy breastfeeding Blood transfusion Organ transplant Unprotected sex
83
what conditions can occur with AIDS
With loss of vision Pneumocystis Jiroveci pneumonia Chronic interstinal cryptosporidiosis HIV-related encephalopathy Myovacterium tuberculosis
84
HIV is not transmitted via
food drink utensils kissing/touching clothes toilet
85
what are the signs and symtoms of HIV/AIDS
fever headache rash sore throat
86
as HIV AIDS weakens the immune system, what are the signs and symptoms
swollen lymph nodes weight loss fever diarrhea cough
87
without treatment, people with HIV infection can also develop
TB meningitis severe bacterial infection lymphomas kaposi's sarcoma
88
HIV can intensify what illnesses
Hep C, Hep B, mpox
89

Reproductive (12 decks)

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