Pathology of the Ovaries II

Question 1

Factors that increase ovarian cancer

Answer 1

history of ovarian cancer
family history of breast cancer
BRCA1/2 carrier
Smoking
Menopause hormone therapy
excess body weight

Question 2

90% of malignancies are

Answer 2

carcinomas

Question 3

Factors that decrease risk for ovarian cancer

Answer 3

tubal ligation
pregnancy (first birth)
oral contraceptives

Question 4

Classification of ovarian cysts

Answer 4

(surface) epithelial tumor
Germ cell tumor
Sex cord tumor

Question 5

types of epithelial tumors

Answer 5

Serous (common)
Mucinous (common)
Endometrioid
Transitional Cell (Brenner)
Other (e.g., Clear Cell Carcinoma)

Question 6

epithelial tumor arise from

Answer 6

surface epithelium

Question 7

germ cell tumors arise from

Answer 7

egg

Question 8

sex cord-stromal tumors arise from

Answer 8

the follicle and cortex

Question 9

classification of the tumor is based on what

Answer 9

origin

Question 10

most serous carcinomas are diagnosed at stage

Answer 10

III or IV

Question 11

Non-epithelial cervical cancers are discovered at what stage

Answer 11

I

Question 12

what kind of epithelium are ovarian surface epithelium derived from

Answer 12

coelomic

Question 13

what are the clinical features of epithelial cell tumors

Answer 13

asyptomatic
adnex mass on the pelvic exam
vague absominal symptoms
appx. 63
bowel obstruction
pleural effusion

Question 14

what are the most common type of ovarian tumors

Answer 14

serous

Question 15

serous cystadenoma

Answer 15

benign bilateral ovarian neoplasm
filled with watery fluid.

cells similar to fallopian tube cells

elevated CA-125

postmenopausal women

Question 16

mucinous cystadenoma

Answer 16

2nd most frequent epithelial tumor
common ages 13-45
cyst filled with mucous
multiloculated

Question 17

What are the symptoms of mucinous cystadenoma

Answer 17

asymptomatic
lower abdominal pain
fatigue

Question 18

What is the pathology of mucinous cystadenoma

Answer 18

smooth surface
filled with translucent viscous fluid
can be very large

Question 19

in mucinous cystadenoma, what is the most useful serum tumor marker

Answer 19

carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA)

Question 20

mucinous cystadenoma has what microscopic appearance

Answer 20

irregular nuclei
prominent nucleoli

Question 21

Pseudomyxoma Peritonei

Answer 21

when mucinous spreads to the abdomen and makes a diffuse gelatinous material in the abdomen/pelvis

Question 22

Pseudomyxoma Peritonei is seen in what kind of cancer

Answer 22

appendix

Question 23

Endometrioid Tumors

Answer 23

Containtubular glands similar to the endometrium

Question 24

Endometrioid Tumors

Answer 24

associated with ovarian endometriosis

Question 25

Brenner Tumor

Answer 25

a transitional cell tumor contains bladder epithelial cells coffee bean nuclei on biopsy

Question 26

BRCA1 and BRCA2 is common amongst what demographic

Answer 26

Ashkenazi Jewish

Question 27

Hereditary Non-Polyposis Colorectal Cancer/Lynch Syndrome

Answer 27

germline mutation that leads to colon cancer

Question 28

CA-125

Answer 28

biomarker for epithelial ovarian cancer

Question 29

What are the two main types non-epithelial ovarian cancer

Answer 29

germ cell tumors sex cord-tumor

Question 30

sex cord-stroma is composed of cells from where

Answer 30

the oocyte

Question 31

sex cord-stroma cells secrete

Answer 31

estrogen testosterone androgens

Question 32

Fibroma

Answer 32

Benign tumors of fibroblasts solid with tumor associated with ascites and meigs syndrome

Question 33

Meigs syndrome

Answer 33

ovarian fibroma ascites pleural effusion

Question 34

thecoma usually co-exists with what

Answer 34

fibroma

Question 35

thecoma

Answer 35

benign unilateral non-epithelial tumor of theca cells may produce estrogen and lead to endometrial hyperplasia/bleeding

Question 36

Granulosa Cell tumors

Answer 36

most common ovarian stromal tumor derived from granulosa-type cells that may secrete estrogens 2 types

Question 37

what stromal tumor has malignant potential

Answer 37

granulosa

Question 38

adult granulosa

Answer 38

50-54 excess estrogen production FOXL2 mutation Call-Exner bodies in the histology

Question 39

juvenile granulosa

Answer 39

develop before puberty puberty <8 y/o unilateral, multiloculated, cystic with yellow-white solid areas

Question 40

Sertoli-Leydig Cell tumor

Answer 40

rare ovarian neoplasm in young women (DICER1) mutation produces androgens and the female characteristics will return after surgery

Question 41

Ovarian germ cell tumors

Answer 41

cells that can develop into an embryo or placenta

Question 42

types of ovarian germ cell tumors

Answer 42

teratoma dysgerminoma yolk sac tumor choriocarcinoma

Question 43

ovarian germ cell tumors occur at what age

Answer 43

10 to 30

Question 44

ovarian germ cell tumors secrete what

Answer 44

AFP or B-hCG

Question 45

Teratoma

Answer 45

tumor of germ cell layers most common germ cell tumor

Question 46

dysgerminoma

Answer 46

tumor of germ cells 81% under age 30 seminoma in males can metastisize to the other ovary fried egg appearance

Question 47

choriocarcinoma

Answer 47

tumor of the placental tissue rare Syncytiotrophoblast secretes hCG

Question 48

hCG is used to test for

Answer 48

choriocarcinoma

Question 49

AFP is used to test for

Answer 49

Yolk sac tumors

Question 50

Struma Ovarii

Answer 50

specialized subtype of the tetratoma and may cause hyperparathyroidism

Question 51

what is the most common malignant germ cell tumor

Answer 51

dysgerminoma