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Reproductive > Pathology of the Ovaries II > Flashcards

Pathology of the Ovaries II Flashcards

1
Q

Factors that increase ovarian cancer

A

history of ovarian cancer
family history of breast cancer
BRCA1/2 carrier
Smoking
Menopause hormone therapy
excess body weight

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2
Q

90% of malignancies are

A

carcinomas

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3
Q

Factors that decrease risk for ovarian cancer

A

tubal ligation
pregnancy (first birth)
oral contraceptives

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4
Q

Classification of ovarian cysts

A

(surface) epithelial tumor
Germ cell tumor
Sex cord tumor

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5
Q

types of epithelial tumors

A

Serous (common)
Mucinous (common)
Endometrioid
Transitional Cell (Brenner)
Other (e.g., Clear Cell Carcinoma)

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6
Q

epithelial tumor arise from

A

surface epithelium

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7
Q

germ cell tumors arise from

A

egg

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8
Q

sex cord-stromal tumors arise from

A

the follicle and cortex

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9
Q

classification of the tumor is based on what

A

origin

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10
Q

most serous carcinomas are diagnosed at stage

A

III or IV

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11
Q

Non-epithelial cervical cancers are discovered at what stage

A

I

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12
Q

what kind of epithelium are ovarian surface epithelium derived from

A

coelomic

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13
Q

what are the clinical features of epithelial cell tumors

A

asyptomatic
adnex mass on the pelvic exam
vague absominal symptoms
appx. 63
bowel obstruction
pleural effusion

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14
Q

what are the most common type of ovarian tumors

A

serous

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15
Q

serous cystadenoma

A

benign bilateral ovarian neoplasm
filled with watery fluid.

cells similar to fallopian tube cells

elevated CA-125

postmenopausal women

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16
Q

mucinous cystadenoma

A

2nd most frequent epithelial tumor
common ages 13-45
cyst filled with mucous
multiloculated

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17
Q

What are the symptoms of mucinous cystadenoma

A

asymptomatic
lower abdominal pain
fatigue

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18
Q

What is the pathology of mucinous cystadenoma

A

smooth surface
filled with translucent viscous fluid
can be very large

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19
Q

in mucinous cystadenoma, what is the most useful serum tumor marker

A

carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA)

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20
Q

mucinous cystadenoma has what microscopic appearance

A

irregular nuclei
prominent nucleoli

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21
Q

Pseudomyxoma Peritonei

A

when mucinous spreads to the abdomen and makes a diffuse gelatinous material in the abdomen/pelvis

22
Q

Pseudomyxoma Peritonei is seen in what kind of cancer

A

appendix

23
Q

Endometrioid Tumors

A

Containtubular glands similar to the endometrium

24
Q

Endometrioid Tumors

A

associated with ovarian endometriosis

25
Q

Brenner Tumor

A

a transitional cell tumor
contains bladder epithelial cells
coffee bean nuclei on biopsy

26
Q

BRCA1 and BRCA2 is common amongst what demographic

A

Ashkenazi Jewish

27
Q

Hereditary Non-Polyposis Colorectal Cancer/Lynch Syndrome

A

germline mutation that leads to colon cancer

28
Q

CA-125

A

biomarker for epithelial ovarian cancer

29
Q

What are the two main types non-epithelial ovarian cancer

A

germ cell tumors
sex cord-tumor

30
Q

sex cord-stroma is composed of cells from where

A

the oocyte

31
Q

sex cord-stroma cells secrete

A

estrogen
testosterone
androgens

32
Q

Fibroma

A

Benign tumors of fibroblasts
solid with tumor
associated with ascites and meigs syndrome

33
Q

Meigs syndrome

A

ovarian fibroma
ascites
pleural effusion

34
Q

thecoma usually co-exists with what

A

fibroma

35
Q

thecoma

A

benign unilateral non-epithelial tumor of theca cells

may produce estrogen and lead to endometrial hyperplasia/bleeding

36
Q

Granulosa Cell tumors

A

most common ovarian stromal tumor derived from granulosa-type cells that may secrete estrogens

2 types

37
Q

what stromal tumor has malignant potential

A

granulosa

38
Q

adult granulosa

A

50-54
excess estrogen production
FOXL2 mutation
Call-Exner bodies in the histology

39
Q

juvenile granulosa

A

develop before puberty
puberty <8 y/o
unilateral, multiloculated, cystic with yellow-white solid areas

40
Q

Sertoli-Leydig Cell tumor

A

rare ovarian neoplasm in young women (DICER1) mutation

produces androgens and the female characteristics will return after surgery

41
Q

Ovarian germ cell tumors

A

cells that can develop into an embryo or placenta

42
Q

types of ovarian germ cell tumors

A

teratoma
dysgerminoma
yolk sac tumor
choriocarcinoma

43
Q

ovarian germ cell tumors occur at what age

A

10 to 30

44
Q

ovarian germ cell tumors secrete what

A

AFP or B-hCG

45
Q

Teratoma

A

tumor of germ cell layers
most common germ cell tumor

46
Q

dysgerminoma

A

tumor of germ cells
81% under age 30
seminoma in males
can metastisize to the other ovary
fried egg appearance

47
Q

choriocarcinoma

A

tumor of the placental tissue
rare

Syncytiotrophoblast

secretes hCG

48
Q

hCG is used to test for

A

choriocarcinoma

49
Q

AFP is used to test for

A

Yolk sac tumors

50
Q

Struma Ovarii

A

specialized subtype of the tetratoma and may cause hyperparathyroidism

51
Q

what is the most common malignant germ cell tumor

A

dysgerminoma

Reproductive (12 decks)

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