PHARMACOLOGY OF REPRO

Question 1

Hypothalamus produces

Answer 1

GnRH

Question 2

GnRH stimulates

Answer 2

anterior pituitary gland

Question 3

the anterior pituitary gland release what hormone

Answer 3

LH and FSH

Question 4

LH and FSH interact with

Answer 4

gonads

Question 5

testis release what hormone

Answer 5

testosterone

Question 6

the ovaries release what hormone

Answer 6

estrogen

Question 7

the gonads affect what secondary sex characteristics in males

Answer 7

spermatogenesis

Question 8

the gonads affect what secondary sex characteristics in females

Answer 8

folluculogenesis

Question 9

GnRH analog (agonists)

Answer 9

Leuprolide, gosereline, histrelin

Question 10

GnRH antagonist

Answer 10

degarelix, ganirelix, cetrorelix

Question 11

gonadotropin agonist

Answer 11

menotropin -LH & FSH
follitropin - FSH
lutropin - LH

Question 12

Testosterone agonists

Answer 12

methyltestosterone

Question 13

testosterone antagonists

Answer 13

spironolactone, finasteride, abiratone, flutamide, ketoconazole

Question 14

SERMs

Answer 14

raloxifene, clomiphene, tamoxifen

Question 15

aromatase inhibitors

Answer 15

exemestane, anastrazole, letrozolee

Question 16

estrogen agonists

Answer 16

ethinyl estradiol

Question 17

antiprogestins

Answer 17

mifepristone, ulipristal

Question 18

progestins

Answer 18

levonorgestrel
medroxyprogesterone
etonogestrel, norethindrone
megestrol

Question 19

What are general uses of HPG axis drugs

Answer 19

1. Inappropriate growth of hormone-dependent tissues
2. Disruption of HPG axis
3. Hormone replacement
4. control of ovulation
5. Gender-affirming hormone therapy

Question 20

What are examples of inappropriate growth of hormone-dependent tissues

Answer 20

Benign prostatic hyperplasia

Cancers

Endometriosis – estrogen drives the growth of endometrium

Leiomyomas – estrogen-dependent

Puberty suppression for precocious puberty and gender dysphoria

Question 21

what are Disruption of HPG axis

Answer 21

Polycystic ovarian syndrome

Prolactinomas

Question 22

what are examples of Hormone replacement

Answer 22

Menopause (menopausal replacement)

Prevention of osteoporosis post menopause

Low testosterone

Hypogonadism

Question 23

what are examples to control of ovulation

Answer 23

Ovulation stimulation (infertility treatment)

Contraception

Question 24

What is the effects of providing GnRH in a pulsatile fashion

Answer 24

GnRH INCREASES LH and FSH

Question 25

What is the effects of providing GnRH in a continuous fashion

Answer 25

DECREASES LH and FSH

Question 26

FSH and LH increase production of

Answer 26

estrogen and testosterone

Question 27

Testosterone produces what kind of feedback

Answer 27

negative

Question 28

estrogen produces what kind of feeback

Answer 28

positive or negative

Question 29

progesterone produces what kind of feedback

Answer 29

negative

Question 30

GnRH analog, leuprolide, and cause what main occurences

Answer 30

an initial flare-up of inceased FSH and LH sustained release formulations (GnRH antagonist)

Question 31

GnRH is used for what kind of pathology

Answer 31

prostate carcinoma advanced breast cancer endometriosis thinning of the endometrium

Question 32

What are the clinical symptoms of ADE in GnRH agonist

Answer 32

hypogonadism hot flashes erectile dysfunction decreased libido oesteoporosis (long term exposure)

Question 33

Do GnRH have a start of flare

Answer 33

no

Question 34

Degarelix is used for

Answer 34

prostate cancer

Question 35

Ganirelix and centrorelix are used for

Answer 35

ovulation induction control timing for IVF, gynecomastia, etc

Question 36

What are the clinical symptoms of ADE in GnRH antagonists

Answer 36

hot flashes liver toxicity

Question 37

what are the types of glycopeptide hormones

Answer 37

gonadotropins: LH FSH hCG and (TSH)

Question 38

exogenous hCG is an LH receptor _____? and can be used for what treatment

Answer 38

Agonist infertility treatments

Question 39

gonadotropins are

Answer 39

heterodimers that contain identical alpha and beta subunits that confer biological specificity

Question 40

Mixed LH and FSH

Answer 40

menotropins

Question 41

LH constitutes

Answer 41

lutropin and hCG

Question 42

FSH

Answer 42

Follitropin

Question 43

agonists used in ovulation induction

Answer 43

LH and FSH

Question 44

endogenous LH and FSH, stimulate

Answer 44

growth and development of ovarian follicles

Question 45

controlled ovarian stimulation

Answer 45

increases the chances of successful ovulation and pregnancy

Question 46

ovulation is triggered using what

Answer 46

human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) or a GnRH agonist

Question 47

in vitro fertilization (IVF) or intrauterine insemination (IUI) use what gonadotropins

Answer 47

LH and FSH

Question 48

The goal is complete control of the ovulatory cycle to

Answer 48

harvest multiple oocytes

Question 49

GnRH agonist and antagonist suppress

Answer 49

endogenous cycle

Question 50

hMG stimulates

Answer 50

follicular development

Question 51

what stimulates ovulation

Answer 51

hCG or FSH

Question 52

Human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) is an LH receptor

Answer 52

agonist

Question 53

recombinant LH

Answer 53

Lutropin (hCG)

Question 54

FSH from urine of menopausal women

Answer 54

Follitropin

Question 55

uman menopausal gonadotropins (hMG) (Menotropin)

Answer 55

purified from the urine of menopausal women (high FSH and high LH)

Question 56

Menotropin is used for what kind of treatment

Answer 56

fertility

Question 57

hormone replacement therapy does what

Answer 57

stimulates the growth and development of ovarian follicles

Question 58

ovarian hyper stimulation syndrome is caused bt

Answer 58

stimulation of ovaries for infertility treatment

Question 59

ovarian hyper stimulation syndrome is

Answer 59

excessive stimulation of the ovaries producing large amount of hormones

Question 60

Characteristics of ovarian hyper stimulation syndrome are

Answer 60

bloating weight gain ascites (dyspnea) thromboembolism sepsis death

Question 61

testosterone agonists

Answer 61

Males hypogonadism Low testosterone Anabolism Female-to-male gender affirmation

Question 62

testosterone antagonists

Answer 62

prostate cancer 5-alpha reductase inhibitors virilization in females/PCOS (polycystic ovarian syndrome = excess testosterone and insulin resistence)

Question 63

PCOS should have what treatment

Answer 63

spironolactone

Question 64

what are some effects of testosterone

Answer 64

Development of Primary and Secondary Sexual Characteristics Mood and Cognitive Function Libido (sex drive) and erectile function increased bone mineral density decreases sperm production

Question 65

what are some adverse effects of testosterone

Answer 65

Acne and oily skin Erythrocytosis Prostate cancer Impaired fertility Cholestatic jaundice, hepatic peliosis Roid rage, aggression Dependence Transdermal absorption of gel through physical contact

Question 66

testosterone is used to treat

Answer 66

hypogonadism and promote the development of 2nd sex characteristics

Question 67

testosterone can be given what way

Answer 67

oral transdermal injectable

Question 68

what ways orally can you get testosterone

Answer 68

Buccal tablets Methyltestosterone

Question 69

what ways transdermally can you get testosterone

Answer 69

Scrotal patch (matrix) Nongenital transdermal Gel pellets

Question 70

what ways injectably can you get testosterone

Answer 70

Enanthate (IM) Cypionate (IM) Undecanoate (IM)

Question 71

nongenital transdermals are applied over where

Answer 71

areas on the torso – a large surface area increases absorption

Question 72

testosterone antagonists

Answer 72

antiandrogens