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Reproductive > PHARMACOLOGY OF REPRO > Flashcards

PHARMACOLOGY OF REPRO Flashcards

1
Q

Hypothalamus produces

A

GnRH

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2
Q

GnRH stimulates

A

anterior pituitary gland

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3
Q

the anterior pituitary gland release what hormone

A

LH and FSH

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4
Q

LH and FSH interact with

A

gonads

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5
Q

testis release what hormone

A

testosterone

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6
Q

the ovaries release what hormone

A

estrogen

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7
Q

the gonads affect what secondary sex characteristics in males

A

spermatogenesis

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8
Q

the gonads affect what secondary sex characteristics in females

A

folluculogenesis

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9
Q

GnRH analog (agonists)

A

Leuprolide, gosereline, histrelin

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10
Q

GnRH antagonist

A

degarelix, ganirelix, cetrorelix

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11
Q

gonadotropin agonist

A

menotropin -LH & FSH
follitropin - FSH
lutropin - LH

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12
Q

Testosterone agonists

A

methyltestosterone

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13
Q

testosterone antagonists

A

spironolactone, finasteride, abiratone, flutamide, ketoconazole

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14
Q

SERMs

A

raloxifene, clomiphene, tamoxifen

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15
Q

aromatase inhibitors

A

exemestane, anastrazole, letrozolee

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16
Q

estrogen agonists

A

ethinyl estradiol

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17
Q

antiprogestins

A

mifepristone, ulipristal

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18
Q

progestins

A

levonorgestrel
medroxyprogesterone
etonogestrel, norethindrone
megestrol

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19
Q

What are general uses of HPG axis drugs

A
  1. Inappropriate growth of hormone-dependent tissues
  2. Disruption of HPG axis
  3. Hormone replacement
  4. control of ovulation
  5. Gender-affirming hormone therapy
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20
Q

What are examples of inappropriate growth of hormone-dependent tissues

A

Benign prostatic hyperplasia

Cancers

Endometriosis – estrogen drives the growth of endometrium

Leiomyomas – estrogen-dependent

Puberty suppression for precocious puberty and gender dysphoria

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21
Q

what are Disruption of HPG axis

A

Polycystic ovarian syndrome

Prolactinomas

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22
Q

what are examples of Hormone replacement

A

Menopause (menopausal replacement)

Prevention of osteoporosis post menopause

Low testosterone

Hypogonadism

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23
Q

what are examples to control of ovulation

A

Ovulation stimulation (infertility treatment)

Contraception

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24
Q

What is the effects of providing GnRH in a pulsatile fashion

A

GnRH INCREASES LH and FSH

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25
Q

What is the effects of providing GnRH in a continuous fashion

A

DECREASES LH and FSH

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26
Q

FSH and LH increase production of

A

estrogen and testosterone

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27
Q

Testosterone produces what kind of feedback

A

negative

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28
Q

estrogen produces what kind of feeback

A

positive or negative

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29
Q

progesterone produces what kind of feedback

A

negative

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30
Q

GnRH analog, leuprolide, and cause what main occurences

A

an initial flare-up of inceased FSH and LH

sustained release formulations (GnRH antagonist)

31
Q

GnRH is used for what kind of pathology

A

prostate carcinoma
advanced breast cancer
endometriosis
thinning of the endometrium

32
Q

What are the clinical symptoms of ADE in GnRH agonist

A

hypogonadism
hot flashes
erectile dysfunction
decreased libido
oesteoporosis (long term exposure)

33
Q

Do GnRH have a start of flare

A

no

34
Q

Degarelix is used for

A

prostate cancer

35
Q

Ganirelix and centrorelix are used for

A

ovulation induction control timing for IVF, gynecomastia, etc

36
Q

What are the clinical symptoms of ADE in GnRH antagonists

A

hot flashes
liver toxicity

37
Q

what are the types of glycopeptide hormones

A

gonadotropins: LH FSH hCG and (TSH)

38
Q

exogenous hCG is an LH receptor _____? and can be used for what treatment

A

Agonist
infertility treatments

39
Q

gonadotropins are

A

heterodimers that contain identical alpha and beta subunits that confer biological specificity

40
Q

Mixed LH and FSH

A

menotropins

41
Q

LH constitutes

A

lutropin and hCG

42
Q

FSH

A

Follitropin

43
Q

agonists used in ovulation induction

A

LH and FSH

44
Q

endogenous LH and FSH, stimulate

A

growth and development of ovarian follicles

45
Q

controlled ovarian stimulation

A

increases the chances of successful ovulation and pregnancy

46
Q

ovulation is triggered using what

A

human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) or a GnRH agonist

47
Q

in vitro fertilization (IVF) or intrauterine insemination (IUI) use what gonadotropins

A

LH and FSH

48
Q

The goal is complete control of the ovulatory cycle to

A

harvest multiple oocytes

49
Q

GnRH agonist and antagonist suppress

A

endogenous cycle

50
Q

hMG stimulates

A

follicular development

51
Q

what stimulates ovulation

A

hCG or FSH

52
Q

Human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) is an LH receptor

A

agonist

53
Q

recombinant LH

A

Lutropin (hCG)

54
Q

FSH from urine of menopausal women

A

Follitropin

55
Q

uman menopausal gonadotropins (hMG) (Menotropin)

A

purified from the urine of menopausal women (high FSH and high LH)

56
Q

Menotropin is used for what kind of treatment

A

fertility

57
Q

hormone replacement therapy does what

A

stimulates the growth and development of ovarian follicles

58
Q

ovarian hyper stimulation syndrome is caused bt

A

stimulation of ovaries for infertility treatment

59
Q

ovarian hyper stimulation syndrome is

A

excessive stimulation of the ovaries producing large amount of hormones

60
Q

Characteristics of ovarian hyper stimulation syndrome are

A

bloating
weight gain
ascites (dyspnea)
thromboembolism
sepsis
death

61
Q

testosterone agonists

A

Males hypogonadism
Low testosterone
Anabolism
Female-to-male gender affirmation

62
Q

testosterone antagonists

A

prostate cancer
5-alpha reductase inhibitors
virilization in females/PCOS (polycystic ovarian syndrome = excess testosterone and insulin resistence)

63
Q

PCOS should have what treatment

A

spironolactone

64
Q

what are some effects of testosterone

A

Development of Primary and Secondary Sexual Characteristics

Mood and Cognitive Function

Libido (sex drive) and erectile function

increased bone mineral density

decreases sperm production

65
Q

what are some adverse effects of testosterone

A

Acne and oily skin
Erythrocytosis
Prostate cancer
Impaired fertility
Cholestatic jaundice, hepatic peliosis
Roid rage, aggression
Dependence
Transdermal absorption of gel through physical contact

66
Q

testosterone is used to treat

A

hypogonadism and promote the development of 2nd sex characteristics

67
Q

testosterone can be given what way

A

oral
transdermal
injectable

68
Q

what ways orally can you get testosterone

A

Buccal tablets
Methyltestosterone

69
Q

what ways transdermally can you get testosterone

A

Scrotal patch (matrix)
Nongenital transdermal
Gel
pellets

70
Q

what ways injectably can you get testosterone

A

Enanthate (IM)
Cypionate (IM)
Undecanoate (IM)

71
Q

nongenital transdermals are applied over where

A

areas on the torso – a large surface area increases absorption

72
Q

testosterone antagonists

A

antiandrogens

73
Q
A

Reproductive (12 decks)

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