Genital Embryology

Question 1

Gonads

Answer 1

the sex gland or reproductive gland that is responsible for the testis and ovaries

Question 2

what are the 3 cell types that lead to development

Answer 2

mesenchymal
mesothelial
primordial

Question 3

the 3 primary cell types for genital development occur in what region

Answer 3

gonadal region

migrate from the yolk sac

Question 4

mesenchymal cells do what

Answer 4

their fate is the medulla and are responsible for leydig cells and the ovarian support stroma

Question 5

mesothelial cells do what

Answer 5

their fate is the gonadal ridges and primary sex cord cortex

they create the semineferous in males and ovarian follicle in females

Question 6

primordial cells do what

Answer 6

derrived from epiblast

their fate is to enter the sex cord and become future gametes

males = spermatogonia
females = oogonia

Question 7

sex is differentiated at what week

Answer 7

7

Question 8

what determines sex

Answer 8

SRY gene on the Y chromosome

Question 9

SRY gene on the Y chromsome produces what to grow testis

Answer 9

TDF = testis determining fator

Question 10

Sertoli cells secrete what

Answer 10

MIF = mullerian inhibitor factor

Question 11

Leydig cells secrete what

Answer 11

testosterone

Question 12

What is the major function of sertoli cells

Answer 12

supress the development of the female organ

Question 13

Testosterone from Leydig cells is stimulate by what

Answer 13

androgen

Question 14

the mesonepheric duct creates what

Answer 14

SEEDE
Seminal vesicles
epididymis
ejaculatory duct
ductus vas deferens
efferent ductules

Question 15

what is the ovary determining gene

Answer 15

WNT4

Question 16

what forms the primordial follicles

Answer 16

oogonia and follilular cells

Question 17

the paranepheric ducts are formed in the absence of what

Answer 17

MIF

Question 18

the paranepheric ducts are form what

Answer 18

uterine tube
uterus
the upper portion of the vagina

Question 19

the extenal female genitalia

Answer 19

labia
clitoris
lower portion of the vagina

Question 20

what forms internal genitalia

Answer 20

urongenital sinus

Question 21

the upper portion of the urogenital sinus forms

Answer 21

the bladder

Question 22

external genitalia grows and differentiates when

Answer 22

grows at week 9 differentiates at week 12

Question 23

what is the most common uterine anomaly

Answer 23

septate uterus

Question 24

bicornuate uterus

Answer 24

incomplete fusion of the mullerian ducts

Question 25

uterus didelphys

Answer 25

mullerian ducts fail to fuse and thus a double uterus, cervix, and vagina

Question 26

what are the 4 key structures of external genitalia

Answer 26

genital tubercle urogenital sinus urogenital fold labioscrotal swelling

Question 27

genital tubercle develops what in males

Answer 27

penis

Question 28

the urogenital sinus develops what in males

Answer 28

penile urethra

Question 29

the urogenital fold develops what in males

Answer 29

glands prostate bulbourethral

Question 30

labioscrotal swelling develops what in males

Answer 30

scrotum

Question 31

the 4 key structures of development need what for male development

Answer 31

DHT

Question 32

5-alpha reductase deficiency

Answer 32

leads to ambiguous genetalia until puberty to which testosterone increases

Question 33

hypospadia

Answer 33

congenital anomally of the male urethra that features an abnormal opening on the inferior side of the penis most common

Question 34

epispadia

Answer 34

congenital anommaly of the male urethra that features an abnormal opening on the dorsal side of the penis and is often associated with bladder extrophy

Question 35

the gential tubercle in females develops

Answer 35

clitoris

Question 36

the urogenital fold in females develops what

Answer 36

labia minora

Question 37

the urogenital sinus in females develops what

Answer 37

glands paraurthral (skene) bartholin

Question 38

labiosacral swelling in females develops

Answer 38

labia majora

Question 39

the 4 major glands require what to develop a female

Answer 39

estrogen

Question 40

what is klinefelters syndrome

Answer 40

genetically males high pitched voice additional X chromosome low testosterone high FSH and LH female distribution of hair gynocomastia

Question 41

tuner syndrome

Answer 41

genetically female partially or missing X chromosome features = no menstrual period infertility congenital heart defect short stature edema of wrist and ankles webbed neck

Question 42

AMH deficency

Answer 42

rare sex disorder in XY genotype internal female genitalia normal external male genitalia due to androgens

Question 43

5-alpha reductase deficiency

Answer 43

impaired conversion of testosteone to DHT male internal genitalia female external genitalia phenotypically a female