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Reproductive > Hypogonadism > Flashcards

Hypogonadism Flashcards

1
Q

Hypogonadism

A

is reduced or absent sex hormone production by the gonads

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2
Q

Gonads in men

A

testes

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3
Q

Gonads in women

A

ovaries

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4
Q

Primary hypogonadism

A

disorder of the gonads

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5
Q

Secondary hypogonadism

A

disorder/disease of the hypothalamus/pituitary gland

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6
Q

secondary hypogonadism results in the loss of what

A

LH/FSH

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7
Q

What are the characteristics of primary hypogonadism in men

A

Low testosterone
LH/FSH increased HYPERGONADOTROPIC hypogonadism

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8
Q

What are the characteristics of secondary hypogonadism in men

A

Low testosterone
LH/FSH (or normal)
HYPOGONADOTROPIC hypogonadism

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9
Q

what are the clinical features of hypogonadism in men (young)

A

failure to undergo normal puberty

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10
Q

what are the clinical features of hypogonadism in men (adults)

A

Decreased energy
Decreased libido
infertility
loss of sexual hair
loss of muscle mass
loss of bones (if untreated)

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11
Q

What are some primary causes of hypogonadism in males

A

Klinefelter syndrome

Myotonic dystrophy

Swyer syndrome

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12
Q

Klinefelter syndrome

A

(47,XXY)
a primary cause of hypogonadism

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13
Q

Myotonic dystrophy

A

(a genetic disorder of progressive muscle weakness)
a primary cause of hypogonadism

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14
Q

Swyer Syndrome

A

gonadal dysgenesis
a primary cause of hypogonadism

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15
Q

What are some secondary causes of hypogonadism in males

A

Pituitary tumors
Pituitary apoplexy (hemorrhage in glands)
Kallmann syndrome (GnRH deficiency/anosmia)
HIV/AIDS
Inflammatory disease
Sarcoidosis, TB
Medications
Obesity
Aging

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16
Q

What complications may arise from hypogonadism in males

A

abnormal genitalia
enlarged male breast (gynecomastia)
infertility
erectile dysfunction
osteoporosis
poor self-image

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17
Q

Females experiencing hypogonadism present with

A

amenorrhea

18
Q

amenorrhea is

A

absence of menstruation by age 15

19
Q

Primary hypogonadism in females can be seen as

A

low estrogen
LH/FSH increased

20
Q

What pituitary disorder(s) can cause primary hypogonadism in females

A

hypopituitarism
Kallmann Syndrome

21
Q

what is the female to male ratio in Kallmann Syndrome

A

5:1

22
Q

What ovarian disorder(s) can cause primary hypogonadism in females

A

Turner syndrome
PCOS in adolescences

23
Q

What is the most common ovarian disorder to cause primary hypogonadism in females

A

Tuner syndrome

24
Q

PCOS in adolescences results in

A

androgen excess

25
Q

what anatomical disorders can cause primary hypogonadism in females

A

Mullerian agenesis

absent vagina/uterus
Mayer-Rokitansky-Küster-Hauser Syndrome

26
Q

what is Mayer-Rokitansky-Küster-Hauser Syndrome

A

underdevelopment of the Mullerian system

absent vagina

no cervix or uterus

normal secondary characteristics (breast, hormone levels, ovary function)

27
Q

What are the characteristics of secondary hypogonadism in females

A

low estrogen
low or normal LH/FSH

28
Q

What are causes of secondary hypogonadism in females

A

cessation of menses
Pregnancy (anovulation)
menopause
hyperprolactinemia
thyroid disease
corticosteroids
cushing syndrome
cirrhosis
spirolactone

29
Q

what are some key diagnostic tests to identify secondary hypogonadism in females

A

hCG
Prolactin
TSH
FSH
Brain MRI

30
Q

A brain MRI is conducted to do what in secondary hypogonadism

A

exclude FSH

31
Q

A measure of FSH will show what in secondary hypogonadism

A

FSH will be high and will be within ovarian failure

32
Q

secondary amenorrhea is a common cause of what

A

functional hypothalamic amenorrhea

33
Q

functional hypothalamic amenorrhea

A

decreased GnRH secretion
low serum estradiol
low or normal LH/FSH

34
Q

what are risk factors for functional hypothalamic amenorrhea

A

Eating disorders
Excessive exercise
Weight loss
Stress
Inadequate nutrition, which can lead to alterations in hormone levels and menstrual irregularities

35
Q

inadequate nutrition can cause what

A

alterations in hormone levels and menstrual irregularities

which makes it a risk factor for functional hypothalamic amenorrhea

36
Q

what are the clinical notes of Asherman Syndrome

A

Uterine adhesions

adhesions/fibrosis of the endometrium

infertility

secondary amenorrhea

37
Q

What type of menstruation irregularities can be seen in asherman syndrome

A

changes in bleeding pattern

38
Q

How is infertility a symptom of asherman syndrome

A

Severe adhesions can obstruct the fallopian tubes or interfere with implantation, leading to infertility or recurrent miscarriages

39
Q

How is pelvic pain a symptom of asherman syndrome

A

usually during menstruation

40
Q

How are pregnancy complications a symptom of asherman syndrome

A

placental abnormalities, preterm birth, and miscarriage

41
Q

Primary ovarian insufficiency is due to

A

premature ovarian failure

42
Q

premature ovarian failure can occur from/as

A

Hypogonadotropic hypogonadism
Before 40 years of age
Clinic features similar to menopause
Hot flashes
Vaginal dryness
Elevated FSH
Elevated LH
Low estrogen

Reproductive (12 decks)

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