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Hypogonadism Flashcards

1
Q

Hypogonadism

A

is reduced or absent sex hormone production by the gonads

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2
Q

Gonads in men

A

testes

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3
Q

Gonads in women

A

ovaries

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4
Q

Primary hypogonadism

A

disorder of the gonads

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5
Q

Secondary hypogonadism

A

disorder/disease of the hypothalamus/pituitary gland

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6
Q

secondary hypogonadism results in the loss of what

A

LH/FSH

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7
Q

What are the characteristics of primary hypogonadism in men

A

Low testosterone
LH/FSH increased HYPERGONADOTROPIC hypogonadism

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8
Q

What are the characteristics of secondary hypogonadism in men

A

Low testosterone
LH/FSH (or normal)
HYPOGONADOTROPIC hypogonadism

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9
Q

what are the clinical features of hypogonadism in men (young)

A

failure to undergo normal puberty

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10
Q

what are the clinical features of hypogonadism in men (adults)

A

Decreased energy
Decreased libido
infertility
loss of sexual hair
loss of muscle mass
loss of bones (if untreated)

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11
Q

What are some primary causes of hypogonadism in males

A

Klinefelter syndrome

Myotonic dystrophy

Swyer syndrome

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12
Q

Klinefelter syndrome

A

(47,XXY)
a primary cause of hypogonadism

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13
Q

Myotonic dystrophy

A

(a genetic disorder of progressive muscle weakness)
a primary cause of hypogonadism

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14
Q

Swyer Syndrome

A

gonadal dysgenesis
a primary cause of hypogonadism

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15
Q

What are some secondary causes of hypogonadism in males

A

Pituitary tumors
Pituitary apoplexy (hemorrhage in glands)
Kallmann syndrome (GnRH deficiency/anosmia)
HIV/AIDS
Inflammatory disease
Sarcoidosis, TB
Medications
Obesity
Aging

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16
Q

What complications may arise from hypogonadism in males

A

abnormal genitalia
enlarged male breast (gynecomastia)
infertility
erectile dysfunction
osteoporosis
poor self-image

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17
Q

Females experiencing hypogonadism present with

A

amenorrhea

18
Q

amenorrhea is

A

absence of menstruation by age 15

19
Q

Primary hypogonadism in females can be seen as

A

low estrogen
LH/FSH increased

20
Q

What pituitary disorder(s) can cause primary hypogonadism in females

A

hypopituitarism
Kallmann Syndrome

21
Q

what is the female to male ratio in Kallmann Syndrome

22
Q

What ovarian disorder(s) can cause primary hypogonadism in females

A

Turner syndrome
PCOS in adolescences

23
Q

What is the most common ovarian disorder to cause primary hypogonadism in females

A

Tuner syndrome

24
Q

PCOS in adolescences results in

A

androgen excess

25
what anatomical disorders can cause primary hypogonadism in females
Mullerian agenesis absent vagina/uterus Mayer-Rokitansky-Küster-Hauser Syndrome
26
what is Mayer-Rokitansky-Küster-Hauser Syndrome
underdevelopment of the Mullerian system absent vagina no cervix or uterus normal secondary characteristics (breast, hormone levels, ovary function)
27
What are the characteristics of secondary hypogonadism in females
low estrogen low or normal LH/FSH
28
What are causes of secondary hypogonadism in females
cessation of menses Pregnancy (anovulation) menopause hyperprolactinemia thyroid disease corticosteroids cushing syndrome cirrhosis spirolactone
29
what are some key diagnostic tests to identify secondary hypogonadism in females
hCG Prolactin TSH FSH Brain MRI
30
A brain MRI is conducted to do what in secondary hypogonadism
exclude FSH
31
A measure of FSH will show what in secondary hypogonadism
FSH will be high and will be within ovarian failure
32
secondary amenorrhea is a common cause of what
functional hypothalamic amenorrhea
33
functional hypothalamic amenorrhea
decreased GnRH secretion low serum estradiol low or normal LH/FSH
34
what are risk factors for functional hypothalamic amenorrhea
Eating disorders Excessive exercise Weight loss Stress Inadequate nutrition, which can lead to alterations in hormone levels and menstrual irregularities
35
inadequate nutrition can cause what
alterations in hormone levels and menstrual irregularities which makes it a risk factor for functional hypothalamic amenorrhea
36
what are the clinical notes of Asherman Syndrome
Uterine adhesions adhesions/fibrosis of the endometrium infertility secondary amenorrhea
37
What type of menstruation irregularities can be seen in asherman syndrome
changes in bleeding pattern
38
How is infertility a symptom of asherman syndrome
Severe adhesions can obstruct the fallopian tubes or interfere with implantation, leading to infertility or recurrent miscarriages
39
How is pelvic pain a symptom of asherman syndrome
usually during menstruation
40
How are pregnancy complications a symptom of asherman syndrome
placental abnormalities, preterm birth, and miscarriage
41
Primary ovarian insufficiency is due to
premature ovarian failure
42
premature ovarian failure can occur from/as
Hypogonadotropic hypogonadism Before 40 years of age Clinic features similar to menopause Hot flashes Vaginal dryness Elevated FSH Elevated LH Low estrogen

Reproductive (12 decks)

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