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Reproductive > Penile and Testicular tumors > Flashcards

Penile and Testicular tumors Flashcards

1
Q

penile intraepithelial neoplasia is

A

a rare precancerous lesion

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2
Q

PeIN is associated with what virus

A

Human papillomavirus (HPV)

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3
Q

What kinds of clinical changes occur in PeIN

A

whitish discoloration
erythematous changes
ulceration

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4
Q

what are the 4 variants of PeIN

A

warty
basaloid
warty/basaloid
Differentiated

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5
Q

describe the wart variant of PeIN

A

Papillary growth with koilocytes

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6
Q

describe the basaloid variant of PeIN

A

Monotonous small to intermediate sized cells

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7
Q

describe the differentiated variant of PeIN

A

atypia at bottom layers

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8
Q

describe the warty basaloid variant of PeIN

A

Papillary growth with basaloid cells in middle and lower third of epithelium

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9
Q

PeIN is common in what group of the population

A

HIV+ men and with anal dysplasia

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10
Q

what is the treatment for PeIN

A

laser or surgery

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11
Q

What is the most common type of neoplasia

A

differentiated

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12
Q

What is Bowen’s disease

A

a squamous cell carcinoma in situ

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13
Q

what group is Bowen’s disease found in

A

elderly uncircumcised men

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14
Q

what is the clinical presentation of Bowen’s disease

A

Erythematous

scaly patch or plaque on the shaft of the penis

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15
Q

bowen’s has an over expression of what marker

A

p16

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16
Q

what is the thickness level of the epethelial dysplasia in bowen’s

A

full thickness

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17
Q

mitosis occurs in what layer of the epethelium in bowen’s disease

A

upper third

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18
Q

SSC is the most common type of what

A

penile neoplasia

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19
Q

what are the risk factors for SSC

A

phimosis
long foreskin
lichen sclerosis
injury
smoking
psoriasis tx/w UVB radiation

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20
Q

what is the treatment of SSC

A

excision with or without lymph node dissection

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21
Q

SSC is

A

mutlifocal

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22
Q

what is the main pathogenesis in SSC

A

degradation and inactivation of p53, the tumor suppressor gene, and pRb, tumor suppressor gene retinoblastoma (E6/E7 subtypes)

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23
Q

What type of lesions do you find in SSC

A

exophytic or ulcerated

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24
Q

what are some pathological findings of SSC

A

large hyperchromatic irregular nuclei

prominent nucleoli

abnormal keratinization

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25
Q

what is the treatment of SSC

A

excision with or without lymph node dissection

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26
Q

what is verrucous carcinoma

A

an extremely well-differentiated variant of SCC

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27
Q

verrucous carcinoma is common where

A

at the glans

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28
Q

verrucous carcinoma is positive or negative for HPV

A

negative

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29
Q

does verrucous carcinoma have p16 expression

A

no

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30
Q

what is the histology of verrucous carcinoma

A

well differentiated
prominent intercellular bridges
minimal atypia
broad base and pushing borders

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31
Q

what is the treatment of verrucous carcinoma

A

surgery

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32
Q

can verrucous carcinoma recur

A

yes

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33
Q

Tunica vaginalis

A

extension of the peritoneal cavity

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34
Q

tunica albuginea

A

fiberous capsule extension into testis and seperates into lobules

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35
Q

tunica vasculosa

A

vascular layer

36
Q

What staining technique is done to see the major cell types of the testis

A

H&E

37
Q

spermatogenic cells

A

located in the seminerferous tubules, sermatogenesis

38
Q

sortoli cells

A

located in semineferous tubules, supportive

39
Q

leydig cells

A

in the interstitial tissue, endocrine function

40
Q

germ cell tumors are the most common solid tumor in what age group

A

15-35

41
Q

what is the most common malignant testicular tumor in men over 60

A

lymphoma

42
Q

how to prostatic tumors present as clinically

A

painless mass

43
Q

is lymphatic spread common in prostatic tumors

A

yes

44
Q

what node does the prostatic tumor not spread to

A

inguinal unless previous surgery

45
Q

hematogenous spread of tumors may be found where

A

liver
lungs
brain
bones

46
Q

Germ cell tumor

A

most common in men 25-29 years old

47
Q

Germ cell tumor has what kind of histological type

A

mixed

48
Q

where do germ cell tumors arise from

A

semineferous epithelium

49
Q

if a germ cell tumor is bilateral it is called what

A

classical seminoma

50
Q

the form of germ cell tumor in the elderly is called what

A

spermatocytic seminoma

51
Q

in germ cell tumors are p53 mutations normal

A

yes

52
Q

what are the risk factors for germ cell tumors

A

cryptorchidism
family history
testicular dysgenesis
Li-Fraumeni syndrome

53
Q

Types of germ cell tumors

A
  1. Intratubular germ cell neoplasia (ITGCN)
  2. Seminoma
  3. Spermatocytic tumor
  4. Chroriocarcinoma
  5. Teratoma
  6. Mixed giant cell tumor
54
Q

Intratubular germ cell neoplasia (ITGCN) is also known as

A

germ cell neoplasia in situ (GCNIS)

55
Q

Intratubular germ cell neoplasia (ITGCN) is common in tissues adjacent to

A

germ cell tumor

less often yolk sac and teratoma

56
Q

Intratubular germ cell neoplasia (ITGCN) is associated with

A

gonadal dysgenesis
androgen insensitvity syndrome
infertility
cryptochidism

57
Q

Intratubular germ cell neoplasia (ITGCN) can progress to

A

a germ cell tumor typically in 5 years

58
Q

how is Intratubular germ cell neoplasia (ITGCN) usually found

A

incidentally in biopsy for fertility evaluation/treatment

59
Q

what are the markers of Intratubular germ cell neoplasia (ITGCN)

A

PLAP

60
Q

what is the management of Intratubular germ cell neoplasia (ITGCN)

A

watching waiting and evaluate serum levels

61
Q

what serum levels should be watched in managing PLAP

A

hCG, AFP, HPL

62
Q

Seminoma commonly increases with

A

serum PLAP

63
Q

Seminoma commonly increases with what but is a less specific marker

A

LDH

64
Q

Seminoma will have what elevated

A

cCG

65
Q

what chromosome sequence may be over expressed in seminoma

A

12p
KRAS
CCND2
NANOG

66
Q

Seminoma is a counterpart to

A

ovarian dysgerminoma

67
Q

Seminoma is a common in infants

A

no - its rare in infants

68
Q

Seminoma can present in

A

mediastinum
pineal gland
retropertoneumw

69
Q

what is the pathological findings of seminoma

A

well demarcated gray-white lobulated and bulging cut surface

clear cytoplasm

prominent cell border

large nuclei

prominent nucleoli

70
Q

what marker is seminoma negative for

A

cytokeratin

71
Q

Spermatocytic tumor is not related to

A

classic seminoma because it does not arise from intratubular germ cell neoplasia

72
Q

Spermatocytic tumor is negative for what

A

PLAP, hCG, AFP

73
Q

Spermatocytic tumor has how many cell types

A

3:
Small, medium, giant cells

74
Q

choriocarcinoma

A

Most commonly a component of mixed tumor

May present initially as metastasis to liver, lung, etc

75
Q

choriocarcinoma happens in what two cell

A

Cytotrophoblast and syncytiotrophoblast

76
Q

choriocarcinoma will be elevated in what marker

A

hCG

77
Q

choriocarcinoma will be positve in what marker

A

hCG
cytokeratin
PLAP

78
Q

Teratoma contains what

A

cellular component derived from 2 or 3 germ layers

79
Q

Teratoma is the ___ most common after what in children

A

2nd most common after yolk sac tumor

80
Q

Teratoma in adults is benign or malignant?

A

malignant

81
Q

Teratoma is more commonly a component of what

A

mixed tumor

82
Q

Teratoma pathologically may have what included

A

bone, tooth, hair

83
Q

Mixed germ cell tumor is diagnosed how

A

listed as a mixed tumor and gives a lists component percentages

84
Q

Mixed germ cell tumor has elevated levels of what and what does it suggest

A

AFP and it suggest a yolk sac tumor component

85
Q

Whar are common markers for GCTumors

A

hCG
AFP
LDH

Reproductive (12 decks)

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