Staying in Our Ideological Bubble & Language - Chapter 8

Question 1

Belief Perseverance

Answer 1

Tendency to readily accept evidence consistent with our beliefs and to ignore
information that refutes them

Question 2

Confirmation Bias

Answer 2

Tendency to search only for
evidence that will confirm our beliefs instead of for evidence that might disconfirm them

Question 3

The Four Card Task

Answer 3

• Wason’s four-card task
• “If a card has a vowel on one side, then it must have an even number on the other side”
• Which Cards must be turned over to test this rule?
• We tend to not seek out disconfirming evidence

Question 4

Confirmation Bias/Belief Perseverance

Answer 4

• Conspiracy theories
  
  • Challenging information
    reinterpreted to fit with
    current beliefs
• File drawer problem and publication bias

Question 5

Properties of Language

Answer 5

• Communication that involves spoken, written, or gestural symbols that are combined in a rule-based form
• Unique features?
  
  • Semanticity
  • Productivity
  • Displacement
  • Socially learned

Question 6

Phonemes

Answer 6

• The most basic unit of speech sounds
  
  • /B/ /A/ /T/
  • Vocal tract capable of 200 different phonemes

Question 7

Experience-dependent plasticity

Answer 7

Young infants capable of discriminating all 200 phonemes, but lose this ability around 10 months