Dreaming & Disorders of Sleep - Chapter 5

Question 1

Psychoanalytical Approach

Answer 1

1. Sigmud Freud
2. Manifest Content
3. Latent Content

Question 2

Sigmud Freud

Answer 2

• Published The Interpretation of Dreams (1900)
  
  • Argued dreams are unconscious expressions of wish fulfillment

Question 3

Manifest Content

Answer 3

The images and storylines that we dream about

Question 4

Latent Content

Answer 4

The actual symbolic meaning of a dream built on suppressed sexual or aggressive urges

Question 5

Modern Theories of Dreaming

Answer 5

1. Activation–synthesis hypothesis
2. Problem-solving theory

Question 6

Activation–synthesis hypothesis:

Answer 6

Suggests that dreams arise from brain activity originating from bursts of excitatory messages arising from the brainstem

Question 7

Problem-solving theory:

Answer 7

Thoughts and concerns are continuous from waking to sleeping, and that dreams may function to facilitate finding solutions to problems encountered while awake

Question 8

Memorability of Dreams

Answer 8

• Waking up and stress hormones:
  
  • Norepinephrine and cortisol

Question 9

Types of Insomnia (Disorders of Sleep)

Answer 9

1. Onset Insomnia
2. Maintenance Insomnia
3. Terminal Insomnia

Question 10

Onset Insomnia

Answer 10

Difficulty falling asleep

Question 11

Maintenance Insomnia

Answer 11

Difficulty returning to sleep

Question 12

Terminal Insomnia

Answer 12

Waking too early

Question 13

Insomnia Classified as

Answer 13

1. Primary Insomnia
2. Secondary Insomnia

Question 14

Primary Insomnia

Answer 14

Due to internal source (e.g., worrying)

Question 15

Secondary Insomnia

Answer 15

Result of other disorders

Question 16

Nightmares

Answer 16

• Particularly vivid and disturbing dreams that occur during REM sleep
  
  • Occur during REM sleep

Question 17

Night Terrors

Answer 17

Intense bouts of panic and arousal that awaken the individual, typically in a heightened emotional state
- Occur during NREM sleep

Question 18

Movement Disturbances

Answer 18

1. Restless Legs Syndrome
2. REM Behaviour Disorder
3. Somnambulism (Sleepwalking)

Question 19

Restless Legs Syndrome

Answer 19

Persistent discomfort in the legs and the urge to continuously shift them into different positions

Question 20

REM Behaviour Disorder

Answer 20

Act out dreams due to failure to inhibit motor signals

Question 21

Somnambulism (Sleepwalking)

Answer 21

A Disorder that involves wandering and performing other activities while asleep

Question 22

Sleep Apnea

Answer 22

Temporary inability to breathe during sleep as airway becomes obstructed
- Obesity
- Damage to medulla