Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

GR11 Alessandra's 3rd Quarter > STATISTICS AND PROBABILITY TERMINOLOGIES > Flashcards

STATISTICS AND PROBABILITY TERMINOLOGIES Flashcards

1
Q

● variable that assigns a numerical value to each
outcome of a random event.

A

RANDOM VARIABLE

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

TWO TYPES OF RANDOM VARIABLE (DC)

A

DISCRETE
CONTINUOUS

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

○ a variable whose value is obtained through counting.

A

Discrete Variable

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

○ variable whose value is obtained through measurement.

A

Continuous Variable

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

⤻ is the set of all possible outcomes in an experiment.

A

Sample Space

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

{HHH, TTT, HHT, HTT, THH, TTH, HTH, THT}

A

Sample Space

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

X = {0, 1, 2, 3}

A

Range Space

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

probability of x

A

P(x)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

values of possible outcomes

A

x

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

⤻ values obtained from functions that assign real number
to each point of a sample space.

A

possible values of a random variable

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

also known as discrete probability distribution

A

PROBABILITY MASS FUNCTION (PMF)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

The Properties of a Probability Distribution (2)

A

○ Nonnegativity
○ Norming Property

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

the probability of each value of the random variable
must be between or equal to 0 and 1

A

Nonnegativity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

sum of the probabilities of all values of the random
variable must be equal to 1.

A

Norming Property

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

0≤P(X)≤1

A

Nonnegativity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

ƩP(X)=1

A

Norming Property

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

a probability distribution with only two possible
outcomes: success and failure

A

binomial distribution

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

average value of all the outcomes.

A

mean

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

E(x)

A

expected value

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

x

A

random variable

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

f(x)

A

probability of x

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

μ

A

average

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

P(x)

A

probability of x

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

describes the average square deviation of
the variable from the mean.

A

variance

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

σ^2

A

symbol for variance

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

σ

A

symbol for standard deviation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

the square root of the variance

A

standard deviation

28
Q

● also known as normal curve.
● provides a graphical representation of statistical values
that are needed in describing the characteristics of
populations as well in making decisions.
● mean, median, and mode are equal.

A

NORMAL DISTRIBUTION

29
Q

graph of normal distribution

A

NORMAL CURVE

30
Q

CHARACTERISTICS OF A NORMAL DISTRIBUTION

A
  1. The distribution curve is (the normal probability
    distribution) bell –shaped.
  2. The curve is symmetrical about its center.
  3. The mean, median and the mode coincide at the
    center.
  4. The width of the curve is determined by the standard
    deviation of the distribution.
  5. The tails of the curve flatten out indefinitely along the
    horizontal axis, always approaching the axis but
    never touching it. That is, the curve is asymptotic to
    the base line.
  6. The area is under the curve is 1. Thus, it represents the
    probability or proportion or the percentage associated
    with specific sets of measurement values.
31
Q

the standard normal curve is a:

A

○ mean μ = 0
○ standard deviation σ = 1

32
Q

height of the particular values of X

A

Y

33
Q

any score in the distribution

A

X

34
Q

standard deviation of the population

A

σ

35
Q

mean of the population

A

μ

36
Q

3.1416

A
37
Q

2.7183

A

e

38
Q

FINDING THE AREAS OF A NORMAL CURVE GIVEN A Z – VALUE

A
  1. Express the given z-value into a three digit form.
  2. Using the z-table, find the first two digits on the left column.
  3. Match the third digit with the appropriate column on the right.
  4. Read the area (or probability) at the intersection of the
    row and the column. This is the required area.
39
Q

● a statistical rule which states that for a normal
distribution, almost all observed data will fall within
three standard deviations of the mean or average

A

EMPIRICAL RULE

40
Q

— provides the proportion of the area (or
probability or percentage) between any two specific
values under the curve.

A

Z - TABLE

41
Q

● number of standard deviation away from the mean.

A

Z - SCORE

42
Q

a point in the distribution such that a given number of
cases is below it.

A

PERCENTILE

43
Q

each of ten equal groups into which a
population can be divided according to the distribution
of values of a particular variable.

A

DECILES

44
Q

are three values that split sorted data
into four parts, each with an equal number of
observations.

A

QUARTILES

45
Q

a part of the sampling technique in which each sample
has an equal probability of being chosen.

A

RANDOM SAMPLING

46
Q

a selection of a subset of a population where each
element has an equal chance of being selected.

A

Simple Random Sampling

47
Q

a selection of a subset of a population where each
element has an equal chance of being selected.

A

Systematic Random Sampling

48
Q

selection of a simple random sample from each of a
given number of a subpopulations, or strata.

A

Stratified Random Sampling

49
Q

○ a selection of clusters from the available clusters in the
population.

A

Cluster Sampling

50
Q

samples are selected based on the needs of the study

A

Purposive Sampling

51
Q

a researcher chooses a possible respondent. Then,
each respondent is asked to give recommendations to
other possible respondents

A

Snowball Sampling

52
Q

population is divided into predefined control categories.

A

Quota Sampling

53
Q

the totality of observations, items, things, or people under consideration.
⤻ represented by letter “N”

A

population

54
Q

a subset of the population.
⤻ elements taken from a population
⤻ represented by small letter “n”

A

sample

55
Q

→ any measurable characteristic of a population.

A

PARAMETER

56
Q

→ any measurable characteristic of a sample.

A

STATISTIC

57
Q

is a frequency distribution using the means computed from
all possible random samples of a specific size taken
from a population.

A

sampling distribution of sample means

58
Q

— difference between the sample mean and the population mean.

A

sampling error

59
Q

μ = Ʃx
N

A

Population Mean

60
Q

σ^2= Ʃ (x-μ)^2
N

A

Population Variance

61
Q

σ= √Ʃ (x-μ)^2
N

A

Population Standard Deviation

62
Q

: nCr = n!
r! (n-r)!

A

All Possible Samples

63
Q

μx̄=Ʃx̄
N

A

Mean of Sampling Distribution of Mean

64
Q

σ^2x̄= Ʃ (x̄- μx̄)^2
n

A

Variance and Standard Deviation of the Sampling
Distribution of Mean.

65
Q

the arrangement of items which order matters

A

Permutation

66
Q

Selection of items which order does not matter

A

Combination

GR11 Alessandra's 3rd Quarter (10 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions