BIO

Question 1

pairs of epidermal cells that control gas diusion by
regulating the opening and closure of stomatal pores.

Answer 1

GUARD CELLS

Question 2

provide an internal hydrophobic surface facilitating water
transport as well as mechanical strength.

Answer 2

XYLEM CELLS

Question 3

uptake of water and nutrients from the soil

Answer 3

ROOT HAIR CELLS

Question 4

this enables them to collect more nutrients and water.

Answer 4

Lateral elongation

Question 5

process of cell growth and division in eukaryotes that is
divided into phases based on what is happening in the
cell at a given time.

Answer 5

The Cell Cycle

Question 6

the cell is engaged in growth and metabolic activities
and can be further broken down into three discrete
phases called g1, S, and g2.

Answer 6

Interphase

Question 7

cell grows during the?

Answer 7

G1 PHASE

Question 8

○ dna replication occurs producing two copies of each chromosome so future cells will each have a
complete set of the genetic instructions in the dna.

Answer 8

S PHASE

Question 9

after DNA replication is complete, cells enter the g2
phase, they continue to grow & prepare for cell division.

Answer 9

G2 PHASE

Question 10

cells are not actively preparing to divide.

Answer 10

G0 PHASE

Question 11

check for nutrients, growth factors, and dna damage

Answer 11

g1 checkpoint

Question 12

check for nutrients, growth factors, and dna damage

Answer 12

g1 checkpoint

Question 13

check for cell size and dna replication

Answer 13

g2 checkpoint

Question 14

check for chromosome spindle attachment

Answer 14

metaphase checkpoint

Question 15

a complex series of events move the dna so that a
complete set of genetic instructions will be sent to
each daughter cell.

Answer 15

M Phase

Question 16

the longest phase of mitosis.

Answer 16

PROPHASE

Question 17

refers to each identical copy of a single chromosome.

Answer 17

SISTERM CHROMATIDS

Question 18

begin to fan out from two sets of paired structures called
centrioles.

Answer 18

SPINDLE FIBERS

Question 19

attaches the sister chromatids together.

Answer 19

CENTROMERE

Question 20

begin to fan out from two sets of paired structures called
centrioles.

Answer 20

SPINDLE FIBERS

Question 21

⤻ double stranded chromosomes line up along the
equator of the cell.

Answer 21

METAPHASE

Question 22

⤻ begins when the sister chromatids of each chromosome begin to separate.

Answer 22

ANAPHASE

Question 23

the longest phase of mitosis.
chromosomes become visible and condense becoming shorter and thicker.

Answer 23

PROPHASE

Question 24

the longest phase of mitosis.
chromosomes become visible and condense becoming shorter and thicker.

Answer 24

PROPHASE

Question 25

process of mitosis is assessed at a checkpoint during the m phase and once this checkpoint is passed, the cell will complete mitosis as well as begin the?

Answer 25

CYTOKINESIS

Question 26

4 STAGES OF MITOSIS (PMAT)

Answer 26

PROPHASE METAPHASE ANAPHASE TELOPHASE

Question 27

grows until it joins with the existing cell membrane separating the two halves of the cell into daughter cells; over time new cell walls form between the two daughter cells.

Answer 27

cell plate

Question 28

● sometimes called reduction division ● is the type of cell division that produces gametes; cell division in sexually reproducing organisms that reduces the number of chromosomes in gametes.

Answer 28

MEIOSIS

Question 29

○ sperm cells in males ○ egg cells in females

Answer 29

GAMETES

Question 30

somatic cells (body cells)

Answer 30

MITOSIS

Question 31

1 cell division

Answer 31

MITOSIS

Question 32

two diploid cells (2n) that are genetically identical to each other

Answer 32

MITOSIS

Question 33

skin, heart, muscle, liver, and fat cells

Answer 33

MITOSIS

Question 34

gametes (sex cells)

Answer 34

MEIOSIS

Question 35

2 cell divisions

Answer 35

MEIOSIS

Question 36

four haploid (n) gametes that are genetically unique from each other

Answer 36

MEIOSIS

Question 37

sperm cell and egg cell

Answer 37

MEIOSIS

Question 38

● starts with a diploid cell, its chromatin contains two uncoiled spread out sets of chromosomes, one from each parent.

Answer 38

PROPHASE I

Question 39

process where each chromosome pairs up with and binds to its corresponding homologous chromosome forming a tetrad.

Answer 39

synapsis

Question 40

is the group of four sister chromatids in paired homologous chromosomes.

Answer 40

tetrad

Question 41

chromosomes containing genetic information. were inherited from each parent

Answer 41

genes

Question 42

different versions of the same gene on each chromosome.

Answer 42

alleles

Question 43

chromatids from each homologous chromosome exchange segments of alleles, also called recombination

Answer 43

crossing over

Question 44

results in genetic variety in offspring, this is why children are different from their biological parents as well as from their biological siblings.

Answer 44

crossing over

Question 45

the homologous chromosomes line up at the equator and attach to spindle fibers from opposite poles.

Answer 45

METAPHASE I

Question 46

spindle fibers separate the homologous chromosomes in each tetrad and pull them to the opposite poles of the cell

Answer 46

ANAPHASE I

Question 47

the cell enters telophase one with one chromosome from each homologous pair at separate poles; however each chromosome still consists of sister chromatids.

Answer 47

TELOPHASE I

Question 48

meiosis one ends with two genetically different haploid daughter cells, each haploid cell contains only one set of chromosomes consisting of paired sister chromatids.

Answer 48

CYTOKINESIS

Question 49

the nuclear membrane disappears and spindle fibers fan out from the two sets of paired centrioles

Answer 49

PROPHASE II

Question 50

the chromosomes in each cell line up at the equator and attach to spindle fibers from both poles

Answer 50

METAPHASE II

Question 51

the sister chromatids of each chromosome separate and move to opposite poles

Answer 51

ANAPHASE II

Question 52

spindle fibers disappear and nuclear membranes reform and cytokinesis occurs in both cells

Answer 52

TELOPHASE II