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BPT exams > Statistics > Flashcards

Statistics Flashcards

1
Q

XX% of values will be within 1 standard deviations of the mean.

XX% of values will be within 2 standard deviations of the mean.

XX% of values will be within 3 standard deviations of the mean.

A

68% of values will be within 1 standard deviations of the mean.

95% of values will be within 2 standard deviations of the mean.

99% of values will be within 3 standard deviations of the mean.

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2
Q

In multivariate analysis - if you have greater variables - what type of error is more likely to occur?

A

Type 1 error - False positive

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3
Q

1 year of QALY =

1 year of average health

OR

1 year of perfect health

A

1 year of perfect health

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4
Q

Which drug administration route will reduce drug bioavailability?

A

Oral

  • Because orally you will have to go through first class metabolism through the liver
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5
Q

Why is oral paracetamol more slowly absorbed in a neonate?

A

Delayed gastric emptying

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6
Q

Bioavailability of a drug is an important measure of…

A

First pass metabolism

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7
Q

Volume distribution is dependent on …

A

body composition

Lipophillic drugs are at higher concentrations in neonataes as compared to older children - because they have little fat

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8
Q

What is the most important liver enzyme enzyme responsible for drug metabolism?

A

CYP3A4

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9
Q

Which enzyme is responsible for caffeine metabolism?

A

CYP1A2 - low activity at birth and increases in infancy

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10
Q

What is the half life of caffeine in neonates?

A

3-4 days

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11
Q

Which antibiotics commonly increases Carbamazipine levels?

A

Erythromycin

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12
Q

Is Carbamazepine and inducer or inhibitor ?

A

Inducer!

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13
Q

Which drug commonly increases cyclosporin levels to toxic levels?

A

Erythromycin (inhibits metabolism)

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14
Q

GFR increases until which age?

A

2y

Thus kids require less frequent drug dosing

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15
Q

Hydrophillic drugs based on which weight?

And Lipophyllic drugs?

A

Hydrophillic - IBW

Lipophillic - TBW

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16
Q

What is the benefit of adding Allopurinol when someone is on 6-MP

A

Increases the 6-TG/6-MMP ratio

6-TG provides the myelosuppressive/therapeutic benefits

6-MMP is responsible for the hepatotoxic side effects

(both are metabolites)

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17
Q

Ceftriaxone not used in which age group?

A

Neonates below 28 days

can cause calcium deposition

18
Q

Does Fluclonazole increase or decrease levels of Tacrolimus?

A

Increases the levels

19
Q

Warfarin interacts with which juice?

A

Grapefruit juice and increases the INR

20
Q

Phenytoin interacts with…

A

Reduces absorption and also binds/chelates with calcium products

21
Q

What is the difference between pharmokinetics and pharmacodynamics?

A

The pharmacokinetics is what the body does to the drug

The pharmacodynamics are what the drug does to the body

22
Q

What receptors does Amiodarone work on?

A

Volate gate K channel

23
Q

What is the purpose of Phase I clinical trial?

A

To assess the side effects and tolerability of the medication with difference drug doses (Looks at safety - pharmacokinetics is key) - find the recommended dose for phase II

24
Q

What is the mechanism of action of MDMA?

A

Indirect serotonin and adrenaline receptor agonist

25
Q

What is the prokinetic effect of erythromycin?

A

Motilin receptor agonist

26
Q

What is Clonidine mechanism of action?

A

Alpha 2 agonist

27
Q

Which anticonvulsant leads to hyperammonemia?

A

Sodium Valproate

28
Q

Which anticonvulsant leads to anorexia and weight loss?

A

Topiramate

29
Q

Which anticonvulsant is linked to a rash?

A

Lamotrigine

30
Q

Antibiotic that commonly causes C. Diff?

A

Clindamycin

31
Q

Which AED leads to weight gain?

A

Sodium Valproate

32
Q

Comparing potency of Prednisolone to Dexamethasone?

Pred to Hydrocortison?

A

Pred: Dexamethasone 1:6

Hydrocortisone : Pred 4:1

33
Q

Which chemotherapy agent is associated with cerebral venous thrombosis?

A

Aspariginase

34
Q

Long acting beta agonist are not recommended as monotherapy because?

A

Internalisation of B2 receptors

35
Q

Side effect of Diazoxide?

A

Hypertrichosis (hairy)

36
Q

Cmax/MIC is most important for which antibiotics?

A

Gentamicin

37
Q

What is the most important pharmacokinetics for determining Beta lactam dose?

A

Time above MIC

38
Q

Mechanism of action of Sildenafil?

A

Phosphodiestrase inhibitor

39
Q

Viral neuraminidase inhibitor..?

A

Oseltamivir (prevents the virus from exiting the cell)

40
Q

Which is the mechanism of action that causes osteoporosis?

A

Increase bone resportion by stimulating osteoclast activity

41
Q

What is the mechanism of action of NAC?

A

Restores glutathione

BPT exams (24 decks)

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