States Of Matter, Diffusion, Solutions (1-3) (paper 1)

Question 1

What are the 3 states of matter

Answer 1

Solid
Liquid
Gas

Question 2

What does each state depend on

Answer 2

How strong the forces of attraction are between the particles of the material

Question 3

What does the strength of the forces depend on

Answer 3

The material
The temperature
The pressure

Question 4

Describe the arrangement in solids

Answer 4

The arrangement is very regular and the particles have a strong force of attraction holding them close together, with little energy

Question 5

Describe solid particles movement

Answer 5

The particles don’t move, so they keep a definite shape and volume. However they do vibrate about a fixed point

Question 6

What happens when solid particles are heated

Answer 6

The particles vibrate more causing the solid to expand slightly

Question 7

Describe the arrangement of liquids

Answer 7

Liquid particles are arranged randomly and are free to move past each other with their weak force of attraction however the particles tend to stick closely together

Question 8

Describe liquid particles movement

Answer 8

Liquid particles have a definite volume but don’t keep a definite shape as the particles are constantly moving with random motion

Question 9

What happens when a liquid is heated

Answer 9

The liquid parties move faster causing the liquid to expand slightly

Question 10

Describe the arrangement of gas particles

Answer 10

Gas particles have very weak forces of attraction and lots of energy so they are arranged very randomly and far apart while moving freely

Question 11

Describe the movement of gases

Answer 11

Gas particles are constantly moving with random motion and therefore don’t keep a definite shape or volume and will always fill any container, the particles travel in straight lines

Question 12

What happens to Gas particles when heated

Answer 12

The particles gain more energy so they move even faster and expand or their pressure increases

Question 13

What is the process when a solid turns into a liquid

Answer 13

Melting

Question 14

What is the process when a liquid turns into a gas

Answer 14

Evaporating

Question 15

What is the process when a solid turns into a Gas

Answer 15

Subliming

Question 16

What is the process in which a liquid turns into a solid

Answer 16

Freezing

Question 17

What is the process in which a gas turns into a liquid

Answer 17

Condensing

Question 18

What happens during melting

Answer 18

The solid particles gain energy
This makes the particles vibrate more wracking the forces of attraction
Making the solid expand
At melting point the particles have enough energy to break free from their positions

Question 19

What happens during evaporation

Answer 19

The liquid particles gain more energy
Making the particles move faster which weakens and breaks the bonds holding the liquid together
At evaporation point the particles have enough energy to break their bonds

Question 20

What type of change is a change of state

Answer 20

Physical

Question 21

What happens when states change

Answer 21

Physical changes change the arrangement or energy of the particles of the material

Question 22

What happens to the temperature of a pure substance when boiled

Answer 22

It stays the same

Question 23

What is the energy used for when a liquid boils

Answer 23

For the liquid particles to turn into gas particles

Question 24

What is the energy used for when a liquid boils

Answer 24

To change the liquid particles into gas particles

Question 25

What is the name given to the white ring when ammonia gas and Hydrogen chloride gas diffuse

Answer 25

Ammonia Chloride

Question 26

What can’t liquids be compressed

Answer 26

Because they move around each other but are still touching

Question 27

Why can’t solids be compressed

Answer 27

Because there’s not room for the particles to be closer together, they’re already touching

Question 28

Why can gases be compressed

Answer 28

Because there is space between the particles

Question 29

Why can liquids flow

Answer 29

Because the particles move around each other

Question 30

Define diffusion

Answer 30

The movement of particles from a high concentration to a low concentration

Question 31

Can diffusion happen in solids

Answer 31

No

Question 32

When does diffusion occur quicker

Answer 32

In warm fluids

Question 33

How do smells travel

Answer 33

By diffusion

Question 34

how can potassium manganate(VII) and water show diffusion

Answer 34

• potassium manganate(VII) is purple
• the purple colour slowly spreads out until even

Question 35

how can hydrogen chloride and ammonia show diffusion

Answer 35

• both diffuse a gas from one end of the tube to the other
• when they meet they react to form ammonium chloride

Question 36

why doesn’t the ring of ammonium chloride formed by hydrogen chloride and ammonia form in the middle of the tube

Answer 36

because ammonia particles are smaller and lighter so they move through air more quickly than the hydrogen chloride particles

Question 37

define solution

Answer 37

a mixture of a solvent and solute that does not seperate out

Question 38

define solute

Answer 38

the substance being dissolved (sugar)

Question 39

define solvent

Answer 39

the liquid its being dissolved into (tea)

Question 40

define saturated solution

Answer 40

a solution where the maximum amount of solute has been dissolved, no more solute will dissolve in the solution

Question 41

define solubility

Answer 41

the measurement in grams of solute per 100g of solvent at a given temperature