States Of Matter, Diffusion, Solutions (1-3) (paper 1) Flashcards
What are the 3 states of matter
Solid
Liquid
Gas
What does each state depend on
How strong the forces of attraction are between the particles of the material
What does the strength of the forces depend on
The material
The temperature
The pressure
Describe the arrangement in solids
The arrangement is very regular and the particles have a strong force of attraction holding them close together, with little energy
Describe solid particles movement
The particles don’t move, so they keep a definite shape and volume. However they do vibrate about a fixed point
What happens when solid particles are heated
The particles vibrate more causing the solid to expand slightly
Describe the arrangement of liquids
Liquid particles are arranged randomly and are free to move past each other with their weak force of attraction however the particles tend to stick closely together
Describe liquid particles movement
Liquid particles have a definite volume but don’t keep a definite shape as the particles are constantly moving with random motion
What happens when a liquid is heated
The liquid parties move faster causing the liquid to expand slightly
Describe the arrangement of gas particles
Gas particles have very weak forces of attraction and lots of energy so they are arranged very randomly and far apart while moving freely
Describe the movement of gases
Gas particles are constantly moving with random motion and therefore don’t keep a definite shape or volume and will always fill any container, the particles travel in straight lines
What happens to Gas particles when heated
The particles gain more energy so they move even faster and expand or their pressure increases
What is the process when a solid turns into a liquid
Melting
What is the process when a liquid turns into a gas
Evaporating
What is the process when a solid turns into a Gas
Subliming
What is the process in which a liquid turns into a solid
Freezing
What is the process in which a gas turns into a liquid
Condensing
What happens during melting
The solid particles gain energy
This makes the particles vibrate more wracking the forces of attraction
Making the solid expand
At melting point the particles have enough energy to break free from their positions
What happens during evaporation
The liquid particles gain more energy
Making the particles move faster which weakens and breaks the bonds holding the liquid together
At evaporation point the particles have enough energy to break their bonds
What type of change is a change of state
Physical
What happens when states change
Physical changes change the arrangement or energy of the particles of the material
What happens to the temperature of a pure substance when boiled
It stays the same
What is the energy used for when a liquid boils
For the liquid particles to turn into gas particles
What is the energy used for when a liquid boils
To change the liquid particles into gas particles
What is the name given to the white ring when ammonia gas and Hydrogen chloride gas diffuse
Ammonia Chloride
What can’t liquids be compressed
Because they move around each other but are still touching
Why can’t solids be compressed
Because there’s not room for the particles to be closer together, they’re already touching
Why can gases be compressed
Because there is space between the particles
Why can liquids flow
Because the particles move around each other
Define diffusion
The movement of particles from a high concentration to a low concentration
Can diffusion happen in solids
No
When does diffusion occur quicker
In warm fluids
How do smells travel
By diffusion
how can potassium manganate(VII) and water show diffusion
- potassium manganate(VII) is purple
- the purple colour slowly spreads out until even
how can hydrogen chloride and ammonia show diffusion
- both diffuse a gas from one end of the tube to the other
- when they meet they react to form ammonium chloride
why doesn’t the ring of ammonium chloride formed by hydrogen chloride and ammonia form in the middle of the tube
because ammonia particles are smaller and lighter so they move through air more quickly than the hydrogen chloride particles
define solution
a mixture of a solvent and solute that does not seperate out
define solute
the substance being dissolved (sugar)
define solvent
the liquid its being dissolved into (tea)
define saturated solution
a solution where the maximum amount of solute has been dissolved, no more solute will dissolve in the solution
define solubility
the measurement in grams of solute per 100g of solvent at a given temperature
