Bonding (16-20) (paper 1)

Question 1

What is a negative ion

Answer 1

an anion

Question 1

What are simple ions

Answer 1

Atoms with a charge

Question 2

what is a positive ion

Answer 2

a cation

Question 3

Which groups lose electrons

Answer 3

1, 2, 3

Question 4

which groups gain electrons

Answer 4

5, 6, 7

Question 5

what is the formula for ammonium

Answer 5

NH4 +

Question 6

what is the formula for hydroxide

Answer 6

OH -

Question 7

what is the formula for nitrate

Answer 7

NO3 -

Question 8

what is the formula for sulfide

Answer 8

S 2-

Question 9

what is the formula for sulfate

Answer 9

SO4 2-

Question 10

what is the formula for carbonate

Answer 10

CO3 2-

Question 11

what is the formula for nitride

Answer 11

N 3-

Question 12

what is the formula for hyrogen carbonate

Answer 12

HCO3 -

Question 13

describe the transfer of electrons

Answer 13

• a metal and non-mental react together to gain full outer shells
• metal forms a positive ion and non-metal forms a negative ion
• the ions are strongly attracted by electrostatic attractions

Question 14

What is the structure like on an ionic compound

Answer 14

they are closely packed in a 3D lattice arrangement

Question 15

define ionic bonding

Answer 15

Electrostatic attraction betwenn positive and negative ions

Question 16

What is the melting point like in an ionic bond

Answer 16

high because the strong bond needs a lot of energy to break

Question 17

Can ionic bonds conduct

Answer 17

only when molten or dissolved in a solution so the ions can move to carry a charge

Question 18

Define metallic bonding

Answer 18

electrostatic attraction between rows of metal cations and a sea of delocalised electrons

Question 19

what is the melting point like in metallic bonding

Answer 19

High meling point because the bonds require lots of energy to break

Question 20

Can metallic bonds conduct

Answer 20

Yes as a solid and liquid becuase the delocalised electrons can flow to carry a charge

Question 21

Where are the bonds in covalent bonds

Answer 21

Covalent bonds between atoms and weak intermolecular forces between molecules

Question 22

What is the melting point like in a covalent bond

Answer 22

Low melting point because the weak intermolecular forces require little energy to break

Question 23

Do covalent bonds conduct

Answer 23

no becuase there are no free moving charged particles

Question 24

Define covalent structures

Answer 24

electrostatic attraction between the pair of bonding electrons and bonded nuclei

Question 25

What is the melting point like of giant covalent stuctures

Answer 25

very high melting poing becuase the strong covalent bonds require lots of energy to break

Question 26

Do giant covalent structures conduct

Answer 26

no but graphite does because of its delocalised electrons

Question 27

Why are metallic stuctures malleable

Answer 27

because the layer of positive ions slide

Question 28

What are the three giant covalent structures

Answer 28

- diamond - graphite - sand

Question 29

define the term malleable

Answer 29

the metal can be shaped

Question 30

what is C60 fullerene

Answer 30

a simple molecular structure

Question 31

desribe C60 fullerne molecules

Answer 31

hollow spheres make up of 60 carbon atoms

Question 32

How is diamond made up

Answer 32

network of carbon atoms that form four covalent bonds

Question 33

describe the formation of C60 fullerene

Answer 33

molecules are hollaw spheres made up of 60 carbon atom

Question 34

how are the carbon atoms in C60 fullerene held togethere

Answer 34

intermolecular forces = can slide = soft

Question 35

does C60 fullerene have a delocalised electron

Answer 35

yes

Question 36

what is strange about the delocalised electron in C60 fullerene

Answer 36

it cannot move between the molecules so it is a poor conducter of electricity and heat