states of matter , diffusion and solutions and solubility

Question 1

what are the properties of the particles in a solid?

Answer 1

Closely packed, in fixed positions and cannot move anywhere. They have a fixed shape and volume.

Question 2

what are the properties of the particles in a liquid.

Answer 2

Closely packed but not as closely packed as a solid. They are not rigid, cannot be squashed and compressed, they do not have a fixed shape but do have a fixed volume.

Question 3

what are the properties of the particles in a gas?

Answer 3

Not closely packed meaning they can be squashed and compressed, they don’t have a fixed shape or a fixed volume.

Question 4

What happens when a material is heated?

Answer 4

It absorbs heat energy, this energy can cause attracted forces between molecules to break. This leads too re arrangement of particles as they are no longer held together as tightly by attracted forces.

Question 5

What happens when a liquid is heated?

Answer 5

The heat energy breaks the bonds between the molecules letting the particles mover around more freely turning the liquid into a gas.

Question 6

What state change is solid to liquid?

Answer 6

Melting

Question 7

What state change is liquid to gas?

Answer 7

Evaporating

Question 8

What state change is liquid to solid?

Answer 8

freezing

Question 9

What state change is gas to liquid?

Answer 9

condensing

Question 10

Why is evaporation a slower process then boiling?

Answer 10

When something is being boiled all the particles have enough energy to change from a liquid to a gas. When something is evaporating only the particles at the top have enough energy to transfer into a gas.

Question 11

What causes condensation?

Answer 11

When water vapour in the air has cooled down to form liquid droplets of water.

Question 12

What is it called when a solid is heated and it turns straight into a gas?

Answer 12

sublimation

Question 13

What is it called when a gas turns straight into a solid when cooled?

Answer 13

reverse sublimation

Question 14

What changes when something changes state?

Answer 14

The mass stays the same but the density changes.

Question 15

What is the definition of diffusion?

Answer 15

The random movement of one gas through another from a region of high concentration to a region of low concentration.

Question 16

Why does it take a while for a smell to get from one part of a room to another?

Answer 16

The gas particles from the smell take a while do diffuse due to them colliding with the other particles in the air.

Question 17

If you were too put some cotton wool soaked with concentrated hydrochloric acid and some cotton wool soaked with ammonia into a tube
1. What would you see?
2. Write an equation for the product that is formed
3.Explain why the product as formed closer to one end then the other.

Answer 17

1. A white ring forms closer to the hydrochloric acid end .
   2.ammonia+hydrogen chloride= ammonium chloride
2. The ammonia particles are smaller and lighter then the hydrogen chloride particles so there for diffuse faster then the hydrogen chloride.

Question 18

How can you increase solubility?

Answer 18

Higher temperature and stir.

Question 19

What would the saturated solution be called after it calls down.

Answer 19

super saturated, when this happens some of the solution my crystallise.

Question 20

what is the definition of a solution?

Answer 20

a mixture of a solute and a solvent that does not separate out.

Question 21

what is the definition of a solute?

Answer 21

The substance being dissolved.

Question 22

what is the definition of a solvent?

Answer 22

the liquid it’s dissolving into.

Question 23

what is the definition of a saturated solution?

Answer 23

When the maximum amount off solute has been dissolved, so no more solute will dissolve in the solution.