organic oxygen Flashcards
what is alcohol functional group
OH
what happens when alcohols are oxidised
they form carboxylic acids
what is an oxidising agent used to oxidise alcohols
potassium dichromate (vi) in dilute sulfuric acid
what is microbial oxidation
when microorganisms use alcohols as an energy source. To do this they use oxygen in the air to oxidise alcohols
what happens to alcohols when they are burnt in enough oxygen
they undergo complete combustion
what are the products of complete combustion
carbon dioxide and water
how is ethanol made from ethene and steam
ethene reacts with steam to make ethanol. Reaction needs a temp of 300 degrees Celsius and a pressure of 60-70 atmospheres
what type of reaction is ethene+steam and why
addition reaction becasuse water is added to the molecule
pros and cons of ethene and steam
cheap, crude oil for ethene in non renewable
how is ethanol made by fermentation
sugar (glucose) is converted into ethanol using yeast. Fermentation mixture needs to be at 30 degrees Celsius and needs to have anaerobic conditions
what do yeast cells contain
enzyme
why does a fermentation mixture need to be in anaerobic conditions
oxygen converts the ethanol to ethanoic acid
pros and cons of fermentation
uses renewable resources , ethanol isn’t very concentrated and needs to be distilled and purified
carboxylic acid functional group and where is double bond
COOH c=o
what happens when carboxylic acids react with metal carbonates
salt (ethanoate) + water + carbon dioxide
what happens when carboxylic acids react with metals
saly (ethanoate) + hydrogen
how is vinegar made
dissolving ethanoic acid in water
esters functional group
-COO-
how are esters formed
alcohol + carboxylic acid = ester + water
ester names?
their names end in oate, the alcohol forms the first part of the esters name, the acid forms the second party
what would ethanol + ethanoic acid =
ethyl ethanoate + water
how do you make esters in the lab
First, add a few drops of concentrated sulfuric acid to a boiling tube using a dropping pipette, add about 10 drops of ethanoic acid, then add an equal volume of ethanol, place the boiling tube in a beaker of water and place it on a tripod, heat using a Bunsen burner until the water starts to boil, and then turn off the Bunsen, after 1 minute, remove the tube and allow it to cool, once it’s cool, pour the mixture into a test tube of sodium carbonate solution and mix, a layer of the ester should form on top of the solution.
what does it mean if you say esters are volatile
turn into gases easily
ester uses
perfumes , food flavourings
