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year 9 chemistry > acids, alkalis and salts > Flashcards

acids, alkalis and salts Flashcards

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1
Q

what is the Ph of the stongest acid

A

0

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2
Q

what is the Ph of the strogest alkali

A

14

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3
Q

what is the Ph of a neutral substance

A

7

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4
Q

name the 4 main indicators

A

univeral indictor, phenophthalein, litmus paper and methyl orange

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5
Q

describe univeral indiactor

A

uses a wide range of colours to give accurate reading

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6
Q

describe litmus paper indicator

A

tests if a solution is neutral, acidic or alkaline. red in acid , purple in neutral and blue in alkaline solution s

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7
Q

describe phenophthalein solution

A

changes from colurless in acid colutions to bright pink in alkaline solutions

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8
Q

what is an acid

A

a source of h+ (hyrdogen) ions . They are proton donors

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9
Q

what is a base

A

a substrate that can neutralise acid. It is a proton acceptor

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10
Q

what are alkalies

A

soluble bases a source of hyrdoxide ions (OH-0

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11
Q

what is the ractione between an acid and a base called

A

neutralisation

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12
Q

ionic equation for neutralisation

A

H+(aq)+OH-(aq)–>H2O(l)

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13
Q

what can acids react with

A

metals, metal oxides and metal carbonates

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14
Q

what form when a acid and base react

A

salt+water

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15
Q

what type of salt does hydrochloric acid produse

A

chlorides

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16
Q

what type of salt does sulfuric acid produce

A

sulfates

17
Q

what type of salt does nitric acid produce

A

nitrates

18
Q

what is formed when acid and metal oxide react

A

salt+water

19
Q

what is formed when acid and metal hydroxide react

A

salt+water

20
Q

what is formed when acid and ammonia react

A

ammonia salt

21
Q

what is formed when an acid and metal carbonate react

A

slalt+water+carbon doxide

22
Q

what does a tritation do

A

allows you to find out how much acid it needed to neutralise and alkali (or vise versa)

23
Q

how do you carry out tritation

A

using a pippete and pippert filler add some alkali(25cm3) to a conical flask and with 3 drops of thenothphalein indicator. Fill a biruette with acid, make sure you do this below eye level. Using the burette add the acid to the alkaline a bit at a time and give the conical flask a regular swirl, go slower towards the end point. Record the reading and repeat to get co coordinate results

24
Q

how do you work out number of moles

A

concentration*volume

25
Q

are common salts of sodium,pottasium and ammonia soluble or insoluble

A

soluble

26
Q

are all nitrates soluble or insoluble

A

soluble

27
Q

are common chlorides soluble or insoluble

A

all are soluble except sliver chloride and lead chloride

28
Q

are common sulfates oluble or insoluble

A

insoluble execpt sodium potassium and ammonium sulfate

29
Q

are common hydroxides soluble or insoluble

A

insoluble exexpt sodium pottasium and calcium

30
Q

whar reaction do you use to get a pure dry sample of a insoluble salt

A

precipitation reaction

31
Q

how do you make lead sulfate (insoluble)

A

add one spatula of lead nitrate to a test tube with deionised water to dissolve it.Then in a seperate test tube do the same with magnesium sulfate. Then tip the 2 solutions into a beaker and stir , a lead sulfate precipitate should form, pour contents into filter paper and scrape out precipitate

32
Q

how do you make soluble salts

A

reacting an acid that contains one of the ions you want in a salt with an insoluble base that contains the other ion you need.( Often a metal hydroxide or metal oxide) Start by heating up the acid in a hot water bath , then add the base to the acid, the base and acid will then react to form a soluble salt(and water). Filter the exexs solid sp only the salt andwater is left. Heat the solution to remove some of the water.

33
Q

how do you make insoluable salts

A

to make insoluable salts you need to use the precipitation method - pick the 2 right soluble salts and mix them together to get an isoluable salt e.g to make lead sulfate (insoluble) mix lead nitrate and magnesium sulfate (both soluble)

34
Q

how do you make soluble salts using an acid and alkali

A

First you do a tritation to work out how much alkali is needed to neutralise the acid. Then do the same as a tritation but with no indicator and slowly evaporate off some of the watet to leave crytals

year 9 chemistry (23 decks)

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