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Pharmaceutics > States of Matter > Flashcards

States of Matter Flashcards

1
Q

How does gas in surroundings effect drug

A

Is a molecular dispersion. Can effect storage and integrity of drugs

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2
Q

Measurement of solubility

A

Melting point. The higher the solubility the lower the melting point

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3
Q

Enthalpy Def.

A

Total kinetic energy of system

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4
Q

Entropy Def.

A

Order in shape and structure

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5
Q

When is a substance most stable

A

High entropy, low enthalpy

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6
Q

Differences between states of matter

A

intermolecular bonds, volume and shape

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7
Q

Plasma Def.

A

Ionizable gas

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8
Q

Solid and Liquid Classification

A

Condensed state = fixed volume

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9
Q

Gas and Plasma Classification

A

Free state = no condensed volume

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10
Q

Mesophase

A

Substance that shows both liquid and solid physical characteristics on molecular level. No fixed shape but can’t move like a liquid. 2 Types

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11
Q

Nematic Menophase

A

can move in the vertical plane but no others

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12
Q

Sematic Menophase

A

Can move in the horizontal plane but no others

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13
Q

Increase in heat energy in a substance is

A

Increase of kinetic energy in it’s particles

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14
Q

What is higher melting point linked to

A

Strong molecular bond and low solubility

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15
Q

What is increase in solubility linked to

A

Increase in temp (not thermodynamically stable) (not always)

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16
Q

Polarity in substance

A

water has high polarity (polar) , lipophillic substances have low polarity (non-polar, C and H)

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17
Q

Semi-solid

A

Liquid given a gelling agent (hydrocarbon). Agent forms mesh to trap liquid to stop it flowing free

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18
Q

How gas conc. is measured

A

Pressure

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19
Q

Evaporation Def.

A

Loss of liquid from top of water

20
Q

How to stop gas from degrading drug

A

Specialised packaging eg thicker, fortified with certin materials

21
Q

Boiling Def.

A

Loss of liquid throughout substance

22
Q

Crystalline Form (def.)

A

Repeats of internal structure (patterns exist)

23
Q

Amorphous Form (Def.)

A

Molecule arrangement with no pattern

24
Q

Bonding in a Molecular Crystal

A

Solid H-bonding. Difficult to break (requires high energy)

25
Q

Ionic Crystal Bonds

A

Ionic bonds. Water is highly efficient at separating (H+ for anions, OH- for cations)

26
Q

Metal Crystal Bonds

A

Covalent. Not soluble in water

27
Q

Covalent crystal bond

A

Covalent. Not soluble in water

28
Q

Relationship between bond strength, solubility and melting point

A

Stronger bonds = lower solubility = higher melting/boiling point

29
Q

How water breaks down a substance

A

Covalent: breaking substance bonds and forming bonds with substance. Ionic: H+ takes anions, OH- takes cations

30
Q

What determines whether something is soluble in water

A

polarity

31
Q

Relationship between vapour pressure and evaporation

A

The higher the vapour pressure = the higher propensity to evaporate

32
Q

Vapour Def.

A

Gaseous substance form that concurrently exists as a liquid/solid (as it’s below critical temp)

33
Q

Meter Dose Inhaler Mechanics

A

High vapour pressure. As actuator opens the gas in the metering valve expands out. This forms a vacumn pulling out liquid dosage form sending out a high velocity. This causes liquid to be disperesed as fine particles (correct size for lungs

34
Q

Propellants Def. and examples

A

Liquid with a high vapour pressure Eg CFCs or hydrofluoroalkane

35
Q

Vapour Applications

A

Fragrance (excipient), Decongestant or cough suppressor (therapeutic)

36
Q

Aspirin Physical Desc

A

transparent/ white crystalline powder. Odourless, bitter tasting. Hydrolysed in moist air giving acetic acid smell

37
Q

NaCl Physical Desc

A

Transparent/white crystalline powder. Salty taste. May contain CaCl2 or MgCl2 which absorb moisture

38
Q

Ethanol Physical Desc.

A

Colourless, mobile, volatile liquid. Vinous odour

39
Q

Ferrous \Sulphate Def.

A

Bluish-green monoclinic (parallelogram prism) crystals/granuels. Odourless witth metallic taste. Oxidises in moist air to foem brownish-yellow coat

40
Q

Glucose Physical Desc.

A

White powder. Sweet taste. Water absorbant

41
Q

Paracetamol Physical Desc

A

Colourless crystalline powder. Bitter taste

42
Q

Caffeine Physical Desc

A

White powder/ glistening needles. Odourless, bitter taste

43
Q

Diazepam Physical Desc

A

off-white - yellow crystalline powder. Odourless, initially tasteless, bitter after taste

44
Q

Ibuprofen Physical Desc

A

Colourless, stable crystalline solid. Characteristic odour

45
Q

Castor Oil Physical Desc

A

Pale yellow to transparent viscous, stable liquid. Tastes acrid with nauseating after taste. Stable unless excessively heated

46
Q

White Soft Paraffin Physical Desc

A

Viscous, oily, translucent semisolid. Odourless and tasteless

Pharmaceutics (14 decks)

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