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Pharmaceutics > Intro. to medicines 1 > Flashcards

Intro. to medicines 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Drug def.

A

Chemical substance that interacts with a part of the body (by binding to specific cell receptor) to alter existing physiological/biochemical processes. Principle active ingredient in medicine.

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2
Q

Drug Function

A

Diagnosis, mitigation, treatment, cure or prevention of disease.

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3
Q

Drug Sizes (Aspirin and Insulin)

A

Aspirin:21atoms Insulin: 797 atoms

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4
Q

Pharmaceutical Dosage Form Def.

A

Form medicine is taken by patient Eg: tablet, syrup

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5
Q

Why do dosage forms have unique formulations

A

Drug combined with other suitable ingredients

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6
Q

What does a patient take

A

Dosage form

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7
Q

Regulation (function)

A

Ensures medicines are of a certain quality

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8
Q

Ideal Dosage Form Qualities

A

1 dose is a manageable size, palatable, stable, easy to use, reach receptors quickly with minimal side effects, capable of large scale manufacture

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9
Q

Different aspects of Drug Stability

A

Chemical, Microbiological and Physical

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10
Q

Chemical Stability Def.

A

Molecules in drug don’t break down into different shapes. Eg resistance to oxidation

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11
Q

Microbiological Stability

A

No. of micro-organisms/endotoxins must remain the same. Eg eyedrops are sterile

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12
Q

Physical Stability

A

Tablet shouldn’t change state. Eg precipitating of liquid medicine in fridge

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13
Q

Receptor binding site on molecule

A

water based

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14
Q

Main base of drug molecule

A

lipid

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15
Q

carboxyl group is sensitive to

A

water

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16
Q

Micromolecule

A

A molecule less then 500 daltons in size

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17
Q

Macromolecule

A

A molecule greater then 500 Daltons in size

18
Q

Excipients Def.

A

Non-drug ingrediants added to dosage form ensuring formulation routinely meets ideal qualities .No pharmacological effect

19
Q

Chemical Stability

A

structure of drug isn’t degradred. Not broken down into a different molecule (eg oxidation, use antioxidants)

20
Q

Micro-organism Stability

A

No. Of microorganisms/endotoxins present (eg eyedrops need to be sterile)

21
Q

Physical Stability

A

Permeant physical state Eg prevention precipitating of liquid medicine

22
Q

Aspirin Dispersible Tablets ingrediant list

A

Aspirin (active drug), Starch 1500 (binder), Microcrystalline Cellulose (disintegrant) and powdered cellulose (glidant)

23
Q

Pharmacy & Toxicology

A

Risk/ benefit association. Interaction of drugs with human body

23
Q

4 Feilds of Pharmacuetical Sciences

A

Pharmacy & Toxicology, Pharmacognosy, Pharmaceutical & Medicinal Chemistry + Pharmaceutics

24
Q

Pharmacognosy

A

Discovery and use of natural products

25
Q

Pharmaceutical & Medicinal Chemistry

A

Libraries and Archives of past trials

26
Q

Pharmacuetics

A

Converts drug to dosage form

27
Q

Physicochemical Properties Examples

A

Water solubility, molecular weight, stability in solid/liquid forms, enzymatic degradation, taeget receptor location + selectivity

28
Q

Potential Barriers to Absorption

A

Solubility, Permeability, stability

29
Q

Preformulation Science DEf.

A

determines physical and chemical properties of a drug before it’s formulated. Evaluate bio-availability

30
Q

Formulation Science

A

Create dosage forms for non-human animals. Includes stages formulation Dev. eg identifyingexcipients + Process Developments Eg state of dosage form

31
Q

Aspects of Pharmaceutical Manufacturing Technology

A

INdustrial Processes + procedures, unit operation, good manufacturing practice, quality control (eg tablet ability to dissolve), process analytical technology and good lab practice

32
Q

Pharmaceutical Qualative Analysis

A

what you have. eg drug analysis, excipitent, dosage form and in vivo analysis

33
Q

Pharmaceutical Quantative Analysis

A

how much you have. Eg stability trsting using RP-HPLC

34
Q

Pharmacology Def.

A

Study of interaction of drugs with the human body

35
Q

Pharmacodynamics

A

Pharmacology branch. Effects of drugs on body

36
Q

Pharmacokinetics

A

Pharmacology branch. Concerned with effects body has on therapeutic drugs

37
Q

Biopharmacuetics DEf.

A

Study of factors affecting availability of drug + using info to optimise drug pharmacological activity in clinical progression. Studies relationship between drug physiochemical properties with pharmalogical, toxicological and efficacy after dosage form administration

38
Q

Drug Delivery Def,

A

Specialist area involving delivery system designs for safe and efficacious medicine dosage

39
Q

Regulatory Bodies

A

Health Products Regulation Agency (Irish, EMA subgroup), European Medicines Agency, Food Drug Administration

40
Q

Where regulatory bodies started

A

Food Drug Administrations Act, 1923, America

Pharmaceutics (11 decks)

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