Intro. to medicines 1 Flashcards
Drug def.
Chemical substance that interacts with a part of the body (by binding to specific cell receptor) to alter existing physiological/biochemical processes. Principle active ingredient in medicine.
Drug Function
Diagnosis, mitigation, treatment, cure or prevention of disease.
Pharmaceutical Dosage Form Def.
Form medicine is taken by patient Eg: tablet, syrup
Why do dosage forms have unique formulations
Drug combined with other suitable ingredients
What does a patient take
Dosage form
Regulation (function)
Ensures medicines are of a certain quality
Ideal Dosage Form Qualities
1 dose is a manageable size, palatable, stable, easy to use, reach receptors quickly with minimal side effects, capable of large scale manufacture
Different aspects of Drug Stability
Chemical, Microbiological and Physical
Chemical Stability Def.
Molecules in drug don’t break down into different shapes. Eg resistance to oxidation
Microbiological Stability
No. of micro-organisms/endotoxins must remain the same. Eg eyedrops are sterile
Physical Stability
Tablet shouldn’t change state. Eg precipitating of liquid medicine in fridge
carboxyl group is sensitive to
water
Micromolecule
A molecule less then 500 daltons in size
Macromolecule
A molecule greater then 500 Daltons in size
Excipients Def.
Non-drug ingrediants added to dosage form ensuring formulation routinely meets ideal qualities .No pharmacological effect
Pharmacy & Toxicology
Risk/ benefit association. Interaction of drugs with human body
4 Feilds of Pharmacuetical Sciences
Pharmacy & Toxicology, Pharmacognosy, Pharmaceutical & Medicinal Chemistry + Pharmaceutics
Pharmacognosy
Discovery and use of natural products
Pharmaceutical & Medicinal Chemistry
Libraries and Archives of past trials
Pharmacuetics
Converts drug to dosage form
Physicochemical Properties Examples
Water solubility, molecular weight, stability in solid/liquid forms, enzymatic degradation, taeget receptor location + selectivity
Potential Barriers to Absorption
Solubility, Permeability, stability
Preformulation Science DEf.
determines physical and chemical properties of a drug before it’s formulated. Evaluate bio-availability
Formulation Science
Create dosage forms for non-human animals. Includes stages formulation Dev. eg identifyingexcipients + Process Developments Eg state of dosage form
Aspects of Pharmaceutical Manufacturing Technology
INdustrial Processes + procedures, unit operation, good manufacturing practice, quality control (eg tablet ability to dissolve), process analytical technology and good lab practice
Pharmaceutical Qualative Analysis
what you have. eg drug analysis, excipitent, dosage form and in vivo analysis
Pharmaceutical Quantative Analysis
how much you have. Eg stability trsting using RP-HPLC
Pharmacology Def.
Study of interaction of drugs with the human body
Pharmacodynamics
Pharmacology branch. Effects of drugs on body
Pharmacokinetics
Pharmacology branch. Concerned with effects body has on therapeutic drugs
Biopharmacuetics DEf.
Study of factors affecting availability of drug + using info to optimise drug pharmacological activity in clinical progression. Studies relationship between drug physiochemical properties with pharmalogical, toxicological and efficacy after dosage form administration
Drug Delivery Def,
Specialist area involving delivery system designs for safe and efficacious medicine dosage
Regulatory Bodies
Health Products Regulation Agency (Irish, EMA subgroup), European Medicines Agency, Food Drug Administration
Pharmacophore Def
Functional group in drug that cell receptors recognise
