States of consciousness Flashcards
Consciousness
An awareness of ourselves in our environment not all forms of awareness are the same
Dual processing
To track mind somethings are conscious and summer automatic
Selective attention
The spotlight of our awareness
Altered state of consciousness
anything that alters normal perceptual experience a shift in the quality or pattern of mental activity
Mindfulness meditation
Mental practice of focusing your mind on your experiences like your emotions that and sensations in the present moment
Altered state sleep
One of the human body’s biological rhythms sleep as a unique state of consciousness it lacks following us but the brain is still active
Circadian rhythm
bio rhythms that fluctuate on a daily basis based on the light cycle
The wake sleep cycle
retnal light detection by the hypothalamus Secrete melatonin from the pineal gland
eeg
Record the electrical activity that sweeps across the brain it picks up brain waves via electrodes that are placed on the scalp
Non-rem stage one
transition. Between wakefulness and sleep drifting in and out of sleep
hypagogic state 
Dream like Sensations still hearing and incorporation thought information sometimes the sensation of falling transitions to stage two
Non-rum stage two
body temple drop heart rate slows breathing more shallow and irregular 
Sleep spindles
Random burst of brain activity trigger deep in the brain stem
Non-ram stage III and four
Slow wave sleep delta waves begin to appear more often this is the most restorative stage of sleep pineal gland release his growth hormone
REM sleep
paradox of sleep
Increased breathing and heart rate and brain activation except for motor cortex which is blocked this is dreams sleep
Ram paralysis
Lingering effects of RAM motor cortex block your body is paralyzed that you do not act out your dreams when these features occur during wakefulness you will have an experience of sleep paralysis
beta waves
Awake
Alpha waves
Light sleep
theta waves
Early sleep
Delta waves
Deep sleep
Sleep deprivation
Because anytime one gets less sleep than I need can range from a cute sleep lost a chronic deprivation
Ram rebound
lengthening and increasing frequency of run sleep which occurs after sleep deprivation
Micro sleep
I bleeding under control brief episode of sleep which last anywhere from a fraction of a second to 10 seconds
Circadian rhythm distrubtion
Out of sync sleep wake cycle
Insomnia
Inability to get to sleep and stay asleep or get good quality sleep
Sleep apnea
Chronic medical condition where the affected person stops breathing during sleep
Narcolepsy
Sleep disorder where a person falls into REM sleep without warning
Sleepwalking
Movement of walking that occurs in sleep like state
Nightmares
Bedrooms occurring during REM sleep
Night terrors
Relatively rare disorder where one experience is extreme fear and screams
Dreams
Including any images thoughts emotions experienced during sleep everyone dreams
Psychoactive drug
A chemical that changes our state of consciousness
Agonist
Drug that binds to receptors in the brain and activates receptors
Antagonist
Jugs that black receptor sites they block natural agonist
Blood brain barrier
Serve as a filter controlling which molecules can pass from blood brain all psychoactive drugs a fat soluble and can cross the blood brain barrier
Tolerance
body gets used to a medication meaning more medicine to achieve desired effect 
Physical dependence
Withdrawal symptoms and unpleasant and dangerous reactions when people stop taking a regular drug
 Psychological dependence
Cognitive and emotional aspects of addictive behavior
Addiction
compulsive uncontrollable craving for a drug it continues to use the drug despite negative side effects lack of impulse control frontal lobe inhibitor not working
Depressants
slow activity of central nervous system they reduce inhibitions interfere with judgment motor activity and concentration
Alcohol
Bands to neurotransmitter GABA to relax depresses area brain that controls judgment and inhibition
Sedated or hypnotic drugs
Uses in low doses to reduce anxiety and in high doses to help people sleep
opioids 
Depresses CNS they attach to Brian receptors that receive endorphins for pain relief and emotional control
Barbiturates
Addictive drug that reduces anxiety and help sleep in low-dose is it reduces level of excitement by attaching to GABA
benzodiazepines
most common group for anxiety bind to receptors of GABA
Caffeine
Most widely consumed releases dopamine serotonin and norepinephrine raises a persons arousal and motor activity
Amphetamines
Manufactured in a lab releases happy drugs
Methamphetamine
Illegal substance it’s a super stimulant create euphoria
Cocaine
Most powerful natural stimulant makes people excited have energy talkative and euphoric
Hallucinogens
Causes powerful changes in sensory perception strengthening perceptions making hallucinations
LSD
Acid, binds to neurons that normally receive Nuerotransmitters seretonin changing the activity
Cannabis
Mix of hallucinogenic depression and stimulant
Biological influences
Studies on genetic predisposition in specific bio chemical processes have supported suspicions
Psycho dynamic veiws
certain people respond to their early deprivations by developing a substance-abuse personality
Socio-cultural influences
people are most likely to develop some substance use disorders when they live under stressful Socio economic conditions
Behavioral views
operant conditioning may play a key role in substance use disorders temporary reduction of tensions raising of spirits produced by drug has rewarding effect increasing the likelihood that user will use again
Cognitive veiws
Theorist agree that rewards eventually produce expectancy that substances will be rewarding motivate people to continue to use
