state of the art

Question 1

what are the factors which impact how we collect, analyse, interpret data

Answer 1

genetic
neuroscience
cognitive behvaioural

Question 2

behavioural genetics

Answer 2

study of the degree which genes and environment influence behaviour

Question 3

heritability

Answer 3

extent to which variability in observed behaviour can be accounted for by genetic factors

Question 3

molecular genetics

Answer 3

what is heritable by identifying specific genes and describing how they work
- how much of that gene is observed in population

Question 4

polymorphisms

Answer 4

difference in nucleotide sequence between individuals

Question 5

types of polymorphisms

Answer 5

single base pair changes, deletions, insertions, changes in number of copies of DNA sequence

Question 6

what are knock out animals in research

Answer 6

when a specific gene in an animal is manipulated

Question 7

iwhat is the genetic paradogm

Answer 7

most disorders are polygenic
genetic factors increase vulnerability but not deterministic

Question 8

what combination increases risk for mental health - genes and

Answer 8

poor environment

Question 9

what is the neuroscience paradigm

Answer 9

psych disorders are caused by brain abnormalities in neurotransmitters, structure and function, or neuroendocrine system

Question 10

what are neurons

Answer 10

messengers of nervous systems, communicate via electrical impulses,
made up of body, dendrite, axons

Question 11

what is a neurotransmitter

Answer 11

a chemical which allows neurons to pass signals to one another

Question 12

what is the re-uptake process

Answer 12

when unused neurotransmitters are collected by the presynaptic neuron

Question 13

what are the 4 key neurotransmitters

Answer 13

dopamine
serotonin
noradrenaline
gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA)

Question 14

how do antidepressants work on the brain

Answer 14

they slow down the re-uptake of serotonin, so that it stays in the synapse and increases the chance of the next neuron firing

Question 15

neuroendocrine system - what does it control

Answer 15

eating, reproduction, growth, stress responses

Question 16

what does the neuroendocrine system do

Answer 16

reacts to stressors, regulates avaialbility of oxygen

Question 17

how is chronic stress related to psych disorders

Answer 17

leads to disregulated systems by applying stress responses to situations they shouldn’t (Panic disorder, PTSD)

Question 18

what does long term HPA axis activation do

Answer 18

increases rick for psych disorders

Question 19

when are behaviours repeated

Answer 19

when they are reinforced

Question 20

what is exposure therapy and how does it work

Answer 20

exposure to a feared stimulus, works on resisting the urge to carry out avoidance behaviour, recognise the lack of consequences, over time stimulus does not provoke anxious reaction

Question 21

what is a schema

Answer 21

a cognitive framework we use to organise and interpret information

Question 22

emotion recognition task - interpretative bias in depression

Answer 22

depressed people are more likely to judge neutral and happy faces as being sad

Question 23

what is cognitive therapy and its aims

Answer 23

to help identify and challenge thoughts and beliefs through restructuring
help learn problem solving techniques to deal with problems